Week 9 review - Social sciences

What is the long pause?

Answer explanation

The long pause was the pause in migration between 0 - 1000AD. This occured when people reached and settled Fiji, Sāmoa, and Tonga. But after this period of rapid exploration, something changed. It would be at least another one thousand years before people voyaged further into East Polynesia

What were some of the causes of the long pause?

Answer explanation

1. 1. Lapita people used outrigger canoes to migrate between islands. These boats had a sail and an outrigger float for speed and stability. But they could carry only small loads.

   2. 2. They couldn’t handle the longer journeys and rougher waters of the open Pacific.

2. 3. The islands in Polynesia were smaller and further apart. The distance between Sāmoa and the Society Islands – is over three times as far.

3. 4. Fiji, Samoa and Tonga are larger and more resource-rich This reduced the need for further migration. The islands of East Polynesia are smaller and more isolated, making human settlement much harder. 

4. 5. The trade winds often head from East to West, making exploration difficult. This is until 1000 AD.

When was NZ settled?

• ~1250 AD

• ~1150 AD

• ~1300 AD

• ~ 1000 AD

What are the three phases of settlement? And when did they occur?

• AD 1250 - AD 1400

• Colonisation phase

• AD 1500 - AD 1800

• Transitional phase

• AD 1300 - AD 1600

• Traditional phase

What occurred during the Colonisation phase

AD 1250 - AD 1400

Answer explanation

Early sites were only occupied for a few decades

Set up at river mouths where they would head inland to hunt moa and birds 

Harvest fish, shellfish, seals or dolphins

There are very few weapons 

Toki are found everywhere

What occurred during Transitional phase

AD 1300 - AD 1600

Answer explanation

By ~AD 1450 Moa have gone extinct and Seals populations decimated

Massive migration to places where Kumara could go

By the end of the transitional phase 98% of Maori had migrated to the kumara zone

This lead to a change in diet from hunting and gathering to gardening

This lead to Maori having to set up kainga, to stay near the kumara year round

During this phase, beginning of the little ice age

We see the building of Pa

What occured during the AD 1500 - AD 1800 - Traditional phase

Answer explanation

By AD 1650 the climate changed to become warmer and drier.

Migration as the kumara zone extends

Hapu’s begin to merge into iwi

New role of Ariki is created

A desire for exploration, East Polynesian islands are smaller and isolated, West Polynesian island were prone to drought and extreme climate, Trade winds change to go West to East, making Eastward travel easier, Increasing populations and competition for limited resources, Warfare , Calm winds, Development of Waka Hourua Are examples of....

A temperate climate, Availability and variety of food, A variety of sources of stone, Lots of land, No competition for space or resources, Birds and animals that did not evolve with humans, making them easy to hunt, Low populations and a place to flee conflicts are example of...

What were some of the reasons why Auckland was settled?

Answer explanation

Situated between the Waitemata and Manukau harbours, the Auckland isthmus was known to Maori as Tamaki-makaurau, often translated as ‘the land desired by many’ or ‘the land of a hundred lovers’. Its sheltered harbours, wide-ranging fishing and shell fishing grounds, rich volcanic soils, easy waka access, and portage routes made the area a highly desirable location for settlement.