General Psychology_ Chapter 8

What is the definition of cognition?

• The way in which we use and store information in memory

• The use of stored information to accomplish some sort of goal

• Information stored in our long-term memory about the world and how it works

• Memory traces that represent objects, events, people, and so on that are not present at the time

What approach to problem solving guarantees correct results?

• Heuristic

• Algorithm

• Insight

• Intuition

Being able to see objects only in their familiar roles is called:

• convergent thinking.

• insight.

• deductive reasoning.

• functional fixedness.

Grammar refers to which of the following?

• the development of language in infants

• the rules of conversation in a culture

• the rules that govern the sentence structure in a particular language

• the use of sounds within words

Mateo grew up in South America. On an intelligence test, he answers a question involving the sport of football incorrectly. He was confused by the question because, in South America, football equates to the North American game of soccer. This is an example of which type of bias in the test question?

• Age

• Cultural

• Racial

• Perceptual

What is calculated by dividing one's mental age by one's chronological age and multiplying by 100?

• The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV)

• The Wechsler Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV)

• Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

• General intelligence (g)

What is a test that uses a standard set of questions, procedures, and scoring methods for all test takers called?

• An intelligence quotient

• A standardized test

• An empirical study

• A psychometrically sound test

What type of intelligence refers to our accumulation of knowledge?

• General intelligence

• Crystallized intelligence

• Multiple intelligences

• Fluid intelligence

What does the concept of multiple intelligences refer to?

• The idea that we possess different types of intelligence rather than a single, overall level of intelligence

• The speed and efficiency with which we learn new information and solve problems

• Our accumulation of knowledge

• A general level of intelligence that underlies our separate abilities

What did Sternberg call his theory that proposes that intelligence is composed of analytical, practical, and creative abilities that help us adapt to our environment?

• Multiple intelligences

• Triarchic intelligence

• General intelligence (g)

• Fluid intelligence