MWH Unit 1 Exam Study Fa23

Renaissance

• rebirth (from 1300 to 1600); a revival of art and learning
• the remission by the pope of the temporal punishment in purgatory that is still due for sins even after absolution
• Location made it a center for trade allowing for wealthy merchants to patronize art and study
• artistic representation that aims for visual accuracy

the Medici Family

• of or pertaining to or characteristic of the branch of the Protestant Church adhering to the views of Luther
• wealthy Italian family of powerful merchants and bankers who ruled Florence in the 15th century; patrons of the arts (Cosimo and Lorenzo the Magnificent)
• person who financially supports the arts
• 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler; decided between the Roman Catholic Church and the Princes of Germany

Humanism

• a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Church; in 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices
• of or pertaining to or characteristic of the branch of the Protestant Church adhering to the views of Luther
• the doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare
• A Protestant sect that believed only adults could make a free choice regarding religion; they also advocated pacifism, separation of church and state, and democratic church organization.

Secular

• a book by Sir Thomas More (1516) describing the perfect society on an imaginary island
• a meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers
• worldly; not pertaining to church matters or religion; temporal
• the first full-sized book printed with movable type and a printing press

Patron

• of or pertaining to or characteristic of the branch of the Protestant Church adhering to the views of Luther
• person who financially supports the arts
• (v.) to withdraw a statement or belief to which one has previously been committed, renounce, retract
• Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.

Perspective

• the type of art in which you place a 3-D figure on a flat surface
• This man wrote several plays and poems and is regarded as one of the best writers of all time
• King Henry VIII's first child to rule. The successor of King Henry VIII of England, and his 9- year- old child of his third wife
• a book by Sir Thomas More (1516) describing the perfect society on an imaginary island

Michelangelo

• the doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare
• This was an artist who led the way for Renaissance masters from his David sculpture and his painting of the Sistine Chapel ceiling
• of or pertaining to or characteristic of the branch of the Protestant Church adhering to the views of Luther
• the type of art in which you place a 3-D figure on a flat surface

Leonardo da Vinci

• -Printing spread ideas like Martin Luther's teachings and Erasmus' writings; Vernacular bible = distributed (affordable & wide spread); Supported in the North by German Princes and English Monarchs
• The Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation in which it tried to reform itself.
• Italian Renaissance artist that painted The Last Supper and Mona Lisa, he was also an engineer, architect, sculptor, and scientist; perfect example of a "Renaissance Man."
• artistic representation that aims for visual accuracy

Vernacular

• person who financially supports the arts
• your native language
• Christians who belonged to non-Catholic churches; those "protesting" the Catholic Church
• the theological system of John Calvin and his followers emphasizing omnipotence of God and salvation by grace alone

Machiavelli

• the belief in government by divine guidance
• Renaissance writer; wrote The Prince, a work on ethics and government, describing how rulers maintain power by methods that ignore right or wrong; accepted the philosophy that "the end justifies the means"
• a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches; major issue was Luther's belief people should be able to read the Bible
• The Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation in which it tried to reform itself.