AP Psychology Names Units 1-4

Match the following

• Mary Whiton Calkins

• 1. Leading humanistic psychologist

• Carl Rogers

• 1. emphasized the ways our unconscious thought processes and our emotional responses to childhood experiences affect our behavior.

  
  

• 1. G. Stanley Hall

• A student of William James, she performed better than any of her male counterparts, yet was refused a Harvard Ph.D.  First female president of the American Psychological Association

• Margaret Washburn

• First female Harvard Ph.D. and second female president of the APA.

• 1. Sigmund Freud

•  Established the first formal U.S. psychology laboratory at Johns Hopkins University

Match the following

• John B. Watson

• Began the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany

• Socrates

• Introduced functionalism, admitted a woman student into his Harvard seminar, and wrote the first psychology textbook

• William James

• Knowledge is innate—born within us • Mind is separable from body and continues after the body dies

• Edward Titchener

• Introduced structuralism through introspection

• 1. Wilhelm Wundt

•  dismissed introspection and redefined psychology as “the scientific study of observable behavior.”

Match the following

• Plato

• Derived principles from observation

  • Knowledge is not preexisting—it grows from experiences stored in memory

• Aristotle

• Focused on experiments, experience, and commonsense judgment • Commented on human tendency to find patterns

• Francis Bacon

• Ideas are innate and mind is entirely distinct from body • Fluid in brain cavities contained “animal spirits”—the cavities are the basis for movement and memory

• John Locke

• Knowledge is innate—born within us • Mind is separable from body and continues after the body dies

• Rene Descartes

• Argued mind at birth is tabula rasa—blank slate • Helped form empiricism—scientific knowledge comes from observation and experimentation

Match the following

• Paul Broca

• You should observe and record people’s behavior to understand them

• Abraham Maslow

• celebrated for his theory that the speech production center of the brain is located on the left side of the brain in the frontal lobes

• BF Skinner

• How current environmental influences can Growth potential nurture or limit our growth and the Humanistic psychology importance of having our needs for love and acceptance satisfied

• Charles Darwin

• best known for his discovery of the area in the cerebrum responsible for receptive language in the temporal lobe

• Carl Wernicke

• Evolutionary psychology is inspired by his work and applies his ideas of natural selection to the mind

Match the following

• Ernst Weber & Gustav Fechner

• led pioneering studies in learning and understanding split brained patients and how their brains work

• Roger Sperry & Michael Gazzaniga

• demonstrated that specialized neurons in the occipital lobe's visual cortex respond to specific features of an image such as angles, lines, curves, & movement

• David Hubel & Torsten Wiesel

• social cognitive psychologist best known for his social learning theory, concept of self-efficacy, and Bobo doll experiments

• Ivan Pavlov

• posited that the change in a stimulus that will be just noticeable is a constant ratio of the original stimulus

• Albert Bandura

• Russian physiologist known for his studies with salivating dogs, and how they can be classically conditioned to expect food with a certain action or sound

Match the following

• Edward Thorndike

• Learned helplessness results from situations in which no perceived connection exists between a response and a reinforcer, suggesting to an individual that responses and outcomes are unrelated. (contingency theory)

• Robert Rescorla

• puzzle box experiments with cats led to the development of the law of effect, which suggests that responses immediately followed by positive consequences are more likely to recur

• John Garcia

• discovered that organisms will avoid certain foods that they have eaten near the time they experience nausea or vomiting

• Edward Tolman

• the first psychologist to study latent learning and the cognitive map