Unit 1 Review

Which of the theoretical approaches in psychology argues that studying the whole of someone's behavior is more important in understanding their mind than studying smaller, individual actions?

• Gestalt

• Behaviorist

• Cognitive

• Psychoanalytic

Davin conducted research on the number of times a group of seven rats could successfully navigate a maze given ten attempts. His results were:

4,7,3,6,1,3,8

Identify the mode and range of these results.

• Mode: 3

  Range: 7

• Mode: 4.5

  Range: 7

• Mode: 4

  Range: 7

• Mode: 4

  Range: 3

Dr. Jared has been studying 7-year-old twins Julio and Joseph to learn about the changes in their behavior and development since their birth. He collects data on their behavior every six months. What of the following types of research best describes Dr. Jared's study of the twins?

• Correlational study

• Experiment

• Longitudinal study

• Survey research

Which of the following psychologist's work led to the creation of the first mental hospitals in the United States?

• Mary Whiton Calkins

• Dorothea Dix

• Carl Rogers

• William James

Kayla experiments on sleep and short-term memory. She randomly selects willing participants from a group of middle school students, assigns them each a number to keep them anonymous, and randomly assigns them to an experimental or control group. After the experiment, Kayla told the participants that the control group, which slept an average of 8 hours each night, outperformed the experimental group, who slept only 5 hours each night, on a short-term memory test.

Kayla violated an ethical guideline in her

• failure to maintain confidentiality.

• failure to debrief her participants.

• use of deception.

• failure to obtain informed consent.

Jessica researches how an individual's brain, nervous system, and neurotransmitters affect their behavior. Which of the following subfields of psychology does Jessica study?

• Educational

• Cognitive

• Biological

• Psychometric

Majorie is conducting research on the effects of the presence of a chronic disease on a student's academic performance in high school. Which of the following might be a confounding variable that would affect Majorie's research results?

• How she will measure academic performance

• How long the student has had a chronic disease

• The age of the participants

• The time of day she collects her data

Dr. Sinh is researching the effects of caffeine on hyperactivity in teens. Which of the following provides the operational definition of each variable in this study?

• Hyperactivity is the inability to sit still for 10 minutes and teens are children aged 13-17.

• Caffeine is defined as 10 ounces of black coffee.

• Caffeine is defined as 10 ounces of black coffee and teens are children aged 13-17.

• Caffeine is defined as 10 ounces of black coffee, hyperactivity is the inability to sit still for 10 minutes, and teens are children aged 13-17.

Dr. Bates is conducting an experiment on the effects of sugar on sleep. He gives some participants candy an hour before bedtime and gives no sugar to the other particpants. He discovers that those given sugar an hour before bedtime take longer to enter REM sleep than those deprived of the sugar.

Which of the following is the independent variable in Dr. Bates's study?

• Whether or not the participant was given sugar

• The age of the participants

• The participants who were not given sugar

• Candy is a 4-ounce chocolate bar with 20 grams of sugar

To show a causal relationship between two variables in an experiment, an experimenter must

• create operational definitions of all variables.

• randomly select participants from a population.

• develop a survey that lacks any type of bias.

• randomly assign participants to experimental and control groups.