Praxis II Reading

Phonemic Awareness, Phonics, Fluency, Vocabulary and Comprehension

• The Five Components of Reading

• Sentence Structure

• Text Structure

• Oral Language

The ability to separate, consider, and manipulate the individual sounds in spoken words. Before students learn to read, they must understand how the sounds in words work.

• Phonemic Awareness

• Syntax

• Semantics

• Morphology

An understanding of relationship between the letters of written language and the individual sounds of spoken language; the use of letter combinations and patterns, syllable types, and word attack skills to read and spell words.

• Grammar

• Vocabulary

• Phonics

• Writing

The ability to read text quickly, accurately, and automatically, with proper expression and understanding.

• Grammar

• Vocabulary

• Comprehension

• Fluency

The ability to understand the meanings of words.

• Reading

• Vocabulary

• Grammar

• Writing

The ability to derive meaning based on the information in the text in combination with the reader's own knowledge. Comprehension improves when students use specific reading strategies.

• Memorization

• Analysis

• Comprehension

• Synthesis

The Product of decoding (the ability to read words on a page) and language comprehension ( understanding those words)

• Reading

• Writing

• Speaking

• Listening

Decoding

• Phonics

• PA

• Fluency

• Vocabulary

Language Comprehension

• Vocabulary

• Text Comprehension

• Grammar

• Writing

Strands of Early Literacy Development - Rope

• Language Comprehension

• Word Recognition

• Skilled Reading

• Oral Expression