PALMER 2

Bias in a exqmple for a quantitative study refers to:

• Lack of heterogeneity in the population on the attribute of interest

• Sample selectionin nonprobability type of sampling

• The margin of error in the data obtain from the samples

• Systematic over or underrepresentation of an attribute vis-a-vis the population

Strata are incorporated into the design of which of the following sample approaches?

• Systematic

• Purposive

• Quota

• Simple random

Which of the following types of sample is considered to be the weakest for quantitative studies

• Convenience

• Qouta

• Purposive

• Systematic

The sampling design that would be especially likely to yield a representative sample is:

• Systematic

• Convenience

• Purposive

• Qouta

Which of the following is not a nonprobability sampling method?

• Convenience sampling

• Cluster sampling

• Purposive sampling

• Quota sampling

The hypothesis “A person’s emotional status is not affected by a relocation to a nursing home” is :

• Null

• Alternate

• Directional

• Non directional

When subjects’ behaviors are affected not by the treatment per se but bu their knowledge of participating in an study, the generalizability of the results is limited because of the influence of the:

• Treatment effect

• Rosenthal effect

• Hawthorne effect

• Reactive effect of a pre test

The major similaritybetween theories and conceptual models is that both:

• Use concepts as their building blocks

• Use the deductive reasoning process almost exclusively

• Certain a set of logically interrelated propositions

• Provide a mechanism for developing new propositions from the original propositions

To a nurse seeking knowledge on a topic, a literature review article in a journal would be considered?

• An abstract

• A primary source

• A secondary source

• A bibliorgraphical database

One of the functions of a rigorous research design in quantitative studies, Including nonexperimental studies is to have control over:

• Dependent variables

• Independent variables

• Factorial variables

• Extraneous variables