2024--Semester 1 Biology Exam Review

The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms. Which describes the greatest difference between the cells of a baby gorilla and the cells of an adult gorilla?

• The adult has more cells than the baby.

• The baby has simpler cells than the adult.

• The baby has smaller cells than the adult

• The adult has different types of cells than the baby.

Which phase of mitosis is shown?

• anaphase

• prophase

• metaphase

• telophase

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

After cellular replication, a nucleolus failed to reform in the nucleus. What would be the most immediate implication of this failure?

• a depletion of mRNA

• an inability to make ribosomes

• a failure to complete replication

• an impairment of protein modification

For the most part, the process of cell division in plant and animal cells is the same, but there are a few differences. The table below shows some events that take place during the prophase stage in animal cell mitosis.

How is prophase different in plant cells?

• The nucleolus does not disappear.

• Condensed chromosomes have only one chromatid

• The spindle fibers organize without centrioles.

• Centromeres do not form between chromatids

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Spindle fibers form a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell. The spindle is necessary to equally divide the chromosomes in a parental cell into two daughter cells during both types of nuclear division: mitosis and meiosis. During mitosis, the spindle fibers are called the mitotic spindle.

What if the spindle fibers never formed?

• The cell would continue with mitotic division

• The cell would undergo a different form of division

• The cell would break open

• The cell would not divide

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Any cell that replicates spends most of its time in ​ (a)   . There are various points where the cell enzymes check for replication errors at the ​​ (b)  

• interphase
• checkpoints
• prophase
• cyclins
• clevage
• telophase
• metaphase
• anaphase

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

What is the repeating monomer of a DNA molecule?

• nucleic bases

• phospholipid

• nucleotide

• triglyceride

Which of the following are true regarding enzymes?

Select all that apply.

• An enzyme-substrate complex is formed when substrates bind to an active site

• Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions.

• Enzymes increase the activation energy of the reaction

• The products do not leave the active site of the enzyme.

• The active site and the substrates have complimentary shapes

Chemical reactions convert​ ​ (a)   to​ (b)   . In non-living organisms, the presence of a(n) (c)   allows the reaction to proceed very quickly and have a lower ​ (d)   .

• reactants
• products
• catalyst
• activation energy
• protein
• biomolecule

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-4

The primary source of energy for nearly all life is the Sun.

Which best describes how green plants utilize this energy?

• Green plants use mechanical energy to release water.

• Green plants convert thermal energy into organic compounds.

• Green plants convert radiant energy and compounds into food.

• Green plants use electromagnetic energy to release heat.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS2-5