LAN010 - w13.1 - Review of Key Concepts

This concept concerns many aspects of culture. Surface culture is easy to see and includes food, art, dress and religion. Deep culture is hard to see and includes values, norms, attitudes and beliefs.

• Culture shock

• Hofstede's 6 cultural dimentions

• Cultural identity (the cultural iceberg)

• Hall's high and low context cultures

The difference between a value and a belief is ...

• A value is something you think is good whereas a belief is something you think is true.

• A value is something you think is true whereas a belief is something you think is good.

• A value is something you think is not true whereas a belief is something you think is true.

• There is no difference.

This concept concerns a fixed idea or image that many people have of a particular type of person, but which is often not true in reality and may cause hurt and offence.

• Collectivism

• Generalising

• Individualism

• Stereotyping

This concept is similar to stereotyping but assumptions are usually less negative, more flexible and more likely to be based on evidence such as personal experience.

• Generalising

• Values

• Beliefs

• Stereotyping

This concept concerns thinking that one's own culture is more normal or better than other cutures.

• Cultural relativism

• Ethnocentrism

• Othering

• Stereotyping

This concept concerns disliking or excluding a person/group for some reason. In some cases, the reason can be culture-related.

• Racism

• Cutural relativism

• Ethnocentrism

• Othering

This concept concern respecting other cultures and seeing all cultures as equal.

• Collectivism

• Cultural relativism

• Hofstede's 6 dimensions of culture

• Hall's high and low context cultures

This concept concerns two styles of interaction. One style is explicit and is saying what one means. The other style is implicit and requires the listener to read between the lines.

• Direct and indirect communication

• Individualism vs. collectivism

• Masculine vs. feminine culture

• Indulgence vs. restraint

This concept is a cycle of reflection which consists of 6 stages and can be used for self-improvement.

• Hofstede's 6 cultural dimensions

• Hall's high and low context cultures

• Deardorff’s Process Model of Intercultural Competence

• Gibbs' reflective cycle

The 6 stages of Gibbs' reflective cycle are:

• Description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action man.

• Description, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan.

• Description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan.

• Description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, reflection and action plan.