Mrs. Nguyen Review 2023

1) A cell in an organism can regulate what enters and leaves the cell. Which of the following is a reason that the cell may limit the amount of a substance (nutrient) that can enter?

• a) to promote a variety of food sources
• b) to maintain a balance within the cell
• c) to keep the cell from expanding
• d) to allow time for regeneration

2) The water cycle includes many processes. Which of the following best describes the effect of condensation on the weather in a region?

• a) It changes liquid water into the vapor phase, which lowers the air temperature
• b) It causes ice to melt, resulting in a decrease in air temperature
• c) It produces clouds, which eventually form water droplets that can fall as precipitation
• d) it allows liquid water to quickly move from higher to lower elevations, causing windy conditions

3) A compressed spring, made of coiled metal is used by a student to study energy transformation. The student learned the various forms of energy; Potential Energy (PE), Kinetic Energy (KE), and Mechanical Energy (ME). The student draws the apparatus used to study the transfer, and shows how she initially places the spring at the top of a small set of steps. To start the motion of the spring, the student lifts one end up, and allows it to drop toward the first step. The spring then moves on its own from one step to another. Which of the following would be an example of a type of energy transformation that occurs as the spring moves from one step to the next?

• a) The movement causes the PE of the spring to convert to KE
• b) The movement of the spring transfers PE to the steps, which push the spring toward the next step
• c) The movement causes the spring to store KE at each step, increasing the KE as the spring moves
• d) The movement of the spring decreases the amount of KE, which then increases the amount of PE of the coiled spring

4) A spoonful of sugar is added to a beaker containing 500 ml of water. The solution is stirred until the sugar is no longer visible in the water. Which of the following describes the mass of the solution after it is stirred?

• a) It is less than the mass of the 500 ml of water
• b) It is equal to the mass of the spoonful of sugar
• c) It is equal to the combined masses of the spoonful of sugar and 500 ml of water
• d) It is greater than the combined masses of the spoonful of sugar and 500 ml of water

5) A drinking straw appears bent when placed in a glass of water, as shown in the diagram. Which of the following explains why the straw appears bent?

• a) Light waves are absorbed by the straw, the water, and the air
• b) The part of the straw under the water is bent by water pressure
• c) Light waves from the straw are refracted when moving from water to air
• d) The part of the straw under the water reflects more light than the part above the water

6) Earth has many layers. Which of the following describes a process that occurs in these layers?

• a) Flowing rock transfers heat from the mantle to the core.
• b) Flowing rock transfers heat from the core to the mantle.
• c) Flowing water transfers heat from the mantle to the core.
• d) Flowing water transfers heat from the core to the mantle.

7) Ocean currents that redistribute the heat of the ocean are driven by wind. Which statement explains a weather pattern in Florida that may occur as a result of this process?

• a) Variable ocean temperatures may increase the difference between daily high and low temperatures
• b) Cool ocean and land temperatures may lead to consistent amounts of rainfall throughout the year.
• c) High ocean temperatures may generate powerful waves on the shoreline each winter morning.
• d) Unequal ocean and land temperatures may strengthen thunderstorms on summer afternoons.

8) Scientists constructed a large-scale model of an office building, which was placed on a machine called a shake table. The table agitates the model with the same force as an earthquake. Which of the following best describes the benefit of using such a model?

• a) It is able to show how much force is required by earthquakes to cause damage to buildings in a real situation without causing environmental harm.
• b) It is able to show how far away the source of earthquakes must be from buildings without placing humans at risk.
• c) It can demonstrate the effect of earthquakes on buildings in a controlled environment without placing humans at risk.
• d) It can demonstrate how earthquakes are produced underneath buildings without causing environmental harm.

9) Pedro and Samara investigate the chemical and physical properties of samples of seawater provided by their teacher. Samara tests a sample of seawater that has twice the volume of the sample that Pedro tests. When the two students compare their results, which data should be the same?

• a) The mass of the samples
• b) The boiling point of the sea water
• c) The amount of salt
• d) The amount of solvent

10) According to the Linnean system of classification, mushrooms, mold, and mildew belong to the kingdom Fungi. Why are these organisms given the same classification?

• a) They are all stationary.
• b) They have similar predators.
• c) They all carry out photosynthesis.
• d) They obtain their food in the same way.