Introduction to Nutrition Vocabulary Review

what the body needs to provide energy, build and repair cells, and keep body processes running smoothly.

• nutrition

• nutrients

• Fiber

• Calorie

the study of nutrients in food and how they nourish the body.

• nutrition

• Fiber

• Calorie

• Fat

Substance that promotes digestive health and regularity. Found in most plants and cannot be digested by humans. 

• Fiber

• Calorie

• Phytochemicals

• simple carbohydrates

Chemicals that aid the body in fighting or preventing diseases.

• Phytochemicals

• calorie

• simple carbohydrates

• glucose

common name used for the kilocalorie, which is the unit of measurement for energy in nutrition.

• calorie

• glucose

• simple carbohydrates

• hormones

Carbohydrates that contain one or two sugars and have a simple chemical structure. Digested and absorbed quickly and give short bursts of energy. 

• insulin

• hormone

• glucose

• simple carbohydrates

An important simple sugar that is the primary source of energy. Good sources of glucose are fruits, vegetables, and honey.

• hormones

• glucose

• lipids

• insulin

Special chemical messengers in the body that regulate certain functions. 

• insulin

• fat

• hormones

• lipids

A hormone produced in the pancreas that helps glucose travel through the blood stream. Problems with this can result in diabetes.

• insulin

• complex carbohydrates

• lipids

• fat

Carbs that contain many glucose molecules and long chains. They are also called starches. 

• lipids

• fat

• complex carbohydrates

• saturated fatty acids