2007CCJ- Crime And Labelling

The self as a process is when...

• The necessity of the primary group is the focus

• Individuals sees themselves as objects, like other objects

• Individuals sees themselves as or they believe themselves to be underno influence others

• The self emerges out of and within communications with other people

"Deviance does not exist independent of the negative reaction of those who condemn it" is a core tenet of

• Social Control Thoeries

• Social Process Theoires

• Social Reaction Theories

• Sociological Functionalism

Primary Deviances is a norm violation or crime that comes to the attention of significant others or social control agents, who apply a negative label with long-term consequences for the violator’s self-identity and social interactions.

• True

• False

Mead believed that society was

• representative of the disorganised and random interactions among individuals.

• The institutions surrounding individuals like education, politics and religion.

• A place where individuals interact and which has a contract to follow certain social rules.

• representative of the organised and patterned interactions among individuals.

Societal Reaction/ Labelling Theories has three interrelated concerns:

• Social-Historical development of deviant labels

• Application of such labels to certain people or groups in specific time and places

• The identification and determination of the labels and who they should be applied to

• The symbolic and material consequences of the labelling process

The three dimensions of the "Looking Glass Self" are:

• We compare our self to the self of others to determine the worthiness of our appearance

• We experience some type of self feeling of pride or embarrassment in relation this image of ourselves  

• We imagine our appearance or image in the eyes of others

• We imagine some type of judgment of that appearance

A shortcoming of the labelling theory is that it could be more considered a collection of assumptions than a theory.

• True

• False

Labelling theory believes:

• Social strain leads to deviance

• Social Control leads to deviance

• Deviance leads to social control

• Deviance is inherent and separate from social structure

Two assumptions of societal reaction theories are:

• Crime is defined by those in power

• Labels are created for the purpose of excluding people

• Both positive and negative labels can be subject to interpretation

• Crime originates from social disorganisation

Labelling theories are considered a macro approach

• True

• False