Biology EOC Review Cat2

Nucleotide

• Makes proteins
• monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
• A weak chemical bond that holds together, the complementary strands of DNA. This and the nitrogen bases form the rungs of the DNA.
• a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

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Nitrogen base

• A five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides
• Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes
• a DNA nucleotide containing nitrogen, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate group
• genetic makeup of an organism

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5-carbon sugar

• Mendel's second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
• A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.
• Deoxyribose (DNA) and ribose (RNA)
• trait controlled by two or more genes

Deoxyribose

• A five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides
• Mendel's second law, stating that allele pairs separate from one another during gamete formation
• a chart that shows the possible combination of alleles due to fertilization
• situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism

Phosphate group

• A type of gene recombination in which the DNA is intentionally broken and recombined using laboratory techniques.
• three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait
• A functional group consisting of a phosphorus atom covalently bonded to four oxygen atoms
• A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

Hydrogen bond in DNA

• a chart that shows the possible combination of alleles due to fertilization
• three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait
• A weak chemical bond that holds together, the complementary strands of DNA. This and the nitrogen bases form the rungs of the DNA.
• situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism

Genetic code

• A change in the sequence of the bases in a gene, which changes the structure of the polypeptide that the gene codes for.
• Building blocks of protein
• ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome
• collection of codons of mRNA, each of which directs the incorporation of a particular amino acid into a protein during protein synthesis

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Gene

• collection of codons of mRNA, each of which directs the incorporation of a particular amino acid into a protein during protein synthesis
• A change in the chromosome structure, resulting in new gene combinations.
• A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
• a chart that shows the possible combination of alleles due to fertilization

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Transcription

• three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait
• Deoxyribose (DNA) and ribose (RNA)
• gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed
• (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA

Translation

• Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.
• A process where DNA fragments are separated according to size using electrical charges
• messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome
• Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced

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