Evolution Chapter 18 homework pt1

There are many maladaptations that have been maintained in human evolution that make us particularly vulnerable to a variety of diseases. Scientists have classified these maladaptations into six categories to explain why humans are vulnerable.

_________ evolve faster than their hosts.

There are many maladaptations that have been maintained in human evolution that make us particularly vulnerable to a variety of diseases. Scientists have classified these maladaptations into six categories to explain why humans are vulnerable.

Natural selection is _____ than environmental change.

• slower

• faster

There are many maladaptations that have been maintained in human evolution that make us particularly vulnerable to a variety of diseases. Scientists have classified these maladaptations into six categories to explain why humans are vulnerable.

Trade-offs make it _______ for evolution to solve certain biological problems.

• impossible

• easier

There are many maladaptations that have been maintained in human evolution that make us particularly vulnerable to a variety of diseases. Scientists have classified these maladaptations into six categories to explain why humans are vulnerable.

A species’ ______ puts constraints on future natural selection.

• fecundity

• evolutionary history

• reproductive strategy

There are many maladaptations that have been maintained in human evolution that make us particularly vulnerable to a variety of diseases. Scientists have classified these maladaptations into six categories to explain why humans are vulnerable.

Some traits increase ______ at the cost of increasing vulnerability to disease.

• fitness

• the expression of dominant alleles

There are many maladaptations that have been maintained in human evolution that make us particularly vulnerable to a variety of diseases. Scientists have classified these maladaptations into six categories to explain why humans are vulnerable.

What appear to be diseases may actually be  _____.

• adaptations

• products of genetic drift

• beneficial microbes

How can the human body shape the evolution of pathogens?

• The human immune system exerts pressures that cause pathogens to adapt to evade destruction.

• The immune system of the human body causes pathogens to undergo high mutation rates.

• Natural selection favors mutations that allow pathogens to improve upon use of the host’s resources.

• Natural selection eventually causes pathogens to be perfectly suited for infecting the human body.

How does the study of bacteria in patients with cystic fibrosis help in understanding pathogen evolution?

• Environmental bacteria re‑evolve similar adaptations in different human hosts.

• In challenging environments, some bacteria evolve a highly increased mutation rate.

• Environmental bacteria can evolve to become dangerous pathogens after entering a host.

• All the microbes evolve the same traits to thrive in every micro‑environment in the body.

• Bacteria evolve to evade the heightened immune systems of patients with cystic fibrosis.

Human health has been affected by pathogens and cancer for thousands of years. Both pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, and cancer weaken the immune system and invade cells and tissue within the human body, resulting in

________.

• illness and death

• lower virulence

• new diseases

There are many similarities in the mechanisms by which both pathogens and cancer work in the body. Both cancer and pathogens continue to evolve after they become established in the body. The cancer cells and pathogens evolve in response to the specific conditions inside their

______.

• host

• DNA

• cells