Quiz about Earth Science Final Review

Question 1

Scientific theories are based on

Accepted Answer

large amounts of data collected over time.

Answer

general assumptions of how systems work.

Answer

mathematical principles that can be proven true.

Answer

observations from within only one scientific discipline.

Question 2

Scientific theories do not change once they have been written down.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 3

Which of these can change when new evidence is presented?

Accepted Answer

theory

Answer

law

Question 4

Which of these describes a natural phenomenon or relationship that always occurs under specific conditions

Accepted Answer

law

Answer

theory

Question 5

Which of these can be represented mathematically and provide no explanation why a phenomenon occurs?

Accepted Answer

law

Answer

theory

Question 6

Scientists create both scientific theories and scientific laws as they make observations and conduct experiments about the natural world. Which of the following statements most accurately compares the difference between scientific theories and scientific laws

Accepted Answer

science theories are ideas that explain natural events, while science laws predict what will happen in a natural event.

Answer

science laws are based on evidence while science theories are not

Answer

science theories involve only biology, while laws involve all types of science

Answer

science theories involve mathematical equations, while science laws are based on observations

Question 7

What is a theory?

Accepted Answer

Explains a process

Answer

Describes what happens

Question 8

What is a law?

Accepted Answer

Describes what happens

Answer

Explains a process

Question 9

Which layer is the HOTTEST?

Accepted Answer

Inner Core

Answer

Crust

Answer

Mantle

Answer

Outer Core

Question 10

What state of matter is the inner core?

Accepted Answer

Solid

Answer

Solid but flexible

Answer

Liquid

Question 11

What layer has convection currents?

Accepted Answer

Mantle

Answer

Crust

Answer

Inner Core

Answer

Outer Core

Question 12

What layer is liquid and makes a magnetic field?

Accepted Answer

Outer Core

Answer

Mantle

Answer

Inner Core

Answer

Crust

Question 13

What is the mantle made of?

Accepted Answer

Rocks

Answer

Iron and nickel

Question 14

This layer is the thinnest layer and is made of solid rock.

Accepted Answer

Crust

Answer

Mantle

Answer

Outer Core

Answer

Inner Core

Question 15

This layer is partly made up of solid rock, and the other part of this layer is thick, liquid rock (kind of like syrup).

Accepted Answer

Mantle

Answer

Crust

Answer

Outer Core

Answer

Inner Core

Question 16

This layer is completely made up of liquid metal.

Accepted Answer

Outer Core

Answer

Crust

Answer

Mantle

Answer

Inner Core

Question 17

This layer is a solid ball of metal.

Accepted Answer

Inner Core

Answer

Crust

Answer

Mantle

Answer

Outer Core

Question 18

This layer includes all dry land and the Ocean floor.

Accepted Answer

Crust

Answer

Mantle

Answer

Outer Core

Answer

Inner Core

Question 19

This type of rock forms when layers of sediment are "glued" together by dissolved minerals.

Accepted Answer

Sedimentary rock

Answer

Igneous rock

Answer

Metamorphic rock

Answer

Hard rock

Question 20

This type of rock forms when existing rock is changed to new rock by extreme heat and pressure.

Accepted Answer

Metamorphic rock

Answer

Igneous rock

Answer

Sedimentary rock

Answer

Hard rock

Question 21

This type of rock forms when molten (melted) rock from beneath Earth's surface cools and hardens.

Accepted Answer

Igneous rock

Answer

Metamorphic rock

Answer

Sedimentary rock

Answer

Hard rock

Question 22

Why are there more animal fossils than plants?

Accepted Answer

Animals have hard parts that decay slower than soft plant parts

Answer

Animals live longer than plants

Answer

Animals could run away

Question 23

The Big Bang Theory offers an explanation about the formation of the universe as we know it. Discoveries and the dialogue that follow continue to add more evidence supporting the theory. New evidence leads to logical reasoning about the details of the universe's beginning and adds more credibility to the theory. How does scientific theory relate to the scientific method of inquiry?

Accepted Answer

Theory changes as new data is collected.

Answer

Theory cannot be tested.

Answer

Theory determines observations.

Answer

Theory cannot be shared with others.

Question 24

Abiotic can be defined as?

Accepted Answer

Non-living parts of the environment

Answer

An organism that is alive

Answer

Living Parts of the environment

Answer

A new kind of Pokemon that lives with Pikachu

Question 25

Which statement correctly defines wind?

Accepted Answer

Wind is the movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.

Answer

Wind is the movement of air from an area of low pressure to an area of high pressure

Answer

Wind is the movement of air to a colder area in the atmosphere.

Answer

Wind is the movement of air pushed around and bouncing off Earth's surface.

Question 26

Why does warm air rise?

Accepted Answer

Warm air is less dense than cooler air.

Answer

Warm air is more dense than cooler air.

Answer

Warm air has more pressure than cooler air.

Answer

Warm air has a higher dew point than cooler air.

Question 27

A heavy storm that is accompanied by rain, thunder, lightning, and strong winds.

Accepted Answer

Thunderstorm

Answer

Hurricane

Answer

Tornado

Question 28

Begins when warm moist air over the oceans rises rapidly, condenses forming clouds. This releases latent heat which increases the force of rising air.

Accepted Answer

hurricane

Answer

tornado

Answer

thunderstorm

Question 29

A violent, dangerous, rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cloud.

Accepted Answer

Tornado

Answer

Hurricane

Answer

Thunderstorm

Question 30

This is usually the most damaging and deadly part of a hurricane, where winds force the ocean water onto land with tremendous force.

Accepted Answer

Storm surge

Answer

Eye

Answer

Lightning

Answer

Hail

Question 31

The state of the earth's atmosphere at a certain time and place is called

Accepted Answer

weather

Answer

Maryland

Answer

meteorology

Answer

climate

Question 32

What are the two main factors that determine the climate of an area?

Accepted Answer

average temperature and precipitation

Answer

average precipitation and humidity

Answer

average temperature and air pressure

Answer

average wind conditions and humidity

Question 33

What is climate?

Accepted Answer

An area's pattern (averages) of weather over a long period of time

Answer

What's going on with the atmosphere at any particular time

Answer

The type of weather that occurs during a particular season

Answer

How much sunshine an area gets

Question 34

Which of the following causes Earth's tectonic plates (lithosphere) to move?

Accepted Answer

Convection currents in the mantle (asthenosphere)

Answer

Energy from the Sun

Answer

Magnetic Pole Reversal

Answer

Faults in Mountain Ranges

Question 35

The earth's surface is broken up into about a dozen of these.

Accepted Answer

tectonic plates

Answer

lahars

Answer

hot spots

Answer

VEI's

Question 36

As seismologists study all their instruments, data, and images, they are able to accurately predict exactly when and where earthquakes will occur.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 37

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is located on a divergent tectonic plate boundary located along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean. The plates spread apart about 2.5 centimeters each year releasing thermal energy. Which of the following earth systems are impacted by the movement of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?

Accepted Answer

hydrosphere and geosphere

Answer

atmosphere and biosphere

Answer

cryosphere and hydrosphere

Answer

geosphere and cryosphere

Question 38

The water cycle describes the different forms that water can take while moving through the ecosystem. Which of the following processes contributes most to the movement of water from the atmosphere to land?

Accepted Answer

Precipitation

Answer

Evaporation

Answer

Condensation

Answer

Crystallization

Question 39

Bobby observed that a metal trash can was covered with rust.  What type of weathering caused the rust on the trash can?

Accepted Answer

Chemical weathering

Answer

Mechanical weathering

Answer

Wind weathering

Answer

Erosion weathering

Question 40

A cliff formed near the ocean.  Which statement best describes how this cliff formed?

Accepted Answer

Ocean waves washed away rock.

Answer

Warm air melted the rock.

Answer

Sun rays evaporated the rock.

Answer

Plant roots pushed away the rock.

Question 41

The natural chemical or physical processes that breaks down rock on Earth's surface.

Accepted Answer

weathering

Answer

erosion

Answer

deposition

Answer

jackhammering

Question 42

Potholes forming in the road after a cold winter is an example of:

Accepted Answer

mechanical weathering

Answer

chemical weathering

Question 43

What is sediment?

Accepted Answer

bits of rock, sand, and silt caused by the weathering of rocks

Answer

the process of rocks being broken down and carried away

Answer

the top layer of the soil

Answer

decaying plant or animal material

Question 44

What happens when weathering and erosion work together?

Accepted Answer

They change the Earth's surface

Answer

New Mountains are created

Answer

The climate changes overnight

Answer

Metal objects become rusty

Question 45

This rock formed when bits of other rocks became pressed into a solid. What type of rock is it?

Accepted Answer

Sedimentary Rock

Answer

Metamorphic Rock

Answer

Igneous Rock

Question 46

This rock was formed when magma cooled very slowly inside the Earth. What specific type of rock is it?

Accepted Answer

Intrusive Igneous Rock

Answer

Extrusive Igneous Rock

Answer

Foliated Metamorphic Rock

Answer

Clastic Sedimentary Rock

Question 47

This rock was found near the mouth of a volcano. What type of rock is this?

Accepted Answer

Igneous

Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Metamorphic

Question 48

What has to increase for metamorphism to occur?

Accepted Answer

temperature and pressure

Answer

weathering and erosion

Answer

melting and cooling

Answer

compaction ad cementation

Question 49

How could you describe the 'Rock Cycle?'

Accepted Answer

The never-ending processes that changes one type of rock into another type of rock.

Answer

molten rock that is stored underground and then erupts

Answer

rock material that forms where rocks are broken down into smaller pieces.

Question 50

Describe the most likely relationship between these mountains and nearby tectonic plates.

Accepted Answer

The mountains are probably located near the edge of 2 tectonic plates.

Answer

The mountains are probably formed by earthquakes

Answer

The mountains are probably formed by the movement of glaciers

Answer

The mountains are probably formed by running water.

Question 51

Tectonic Plate movement is caused by ______________.

Accepted Answer

convection currents in the mantle

Answer

the rotation of the Earth

Answer

ocean tides

Answer

the moon's gravity

Question 52

In which type of boundary do the plates move away from each other?

Accepted Answer

divergent

Answer

convergent

Answer

normal

Answer

transform

Question 53

At which type of plate boundary does seafloor spreading occur?

Accepted Answer

Divergent

Answer

Tranform

Answer

Convergent

Answer

Subductive Zone

Question 54

At which type of boundary are mountains formed?

Accepted Answer

Convergent

Answer

Divergent

Answer

Subductive Zone

Answer

Transform

Question 55

What type of boundary is formed when plates slide past each other?

Accepted Answer

transform

Answer

convergent

Answer

horizontal

Answer

divergent

Question 56

The deep interior of the Earth can be mapped using

Accepted Answer

seismic waves.

Answer

sonar.

Answer

information from drilling expeditions.

Answer

ocean waves.

Question 57

What is it called when plants give off water vapor as a waste product?

Accepted Answer

transpiration

Answer

condensation

Answer

evaporation

Answer

sublimation

Question 58

The atmosphere, the ground, and also bodies of water are all heated by the Sun's energy. How does this energy reach Earth?

Accepted Answer

radiation

Answer

conduction

Answer

convection

Answer

gravity

Question 59

Includes rivers and lakes

Accepted Answer

hydrosphere

Answer

geosphere

Answer

atmosphere

Answer

biosphere

Question 60

Includes jaguars, palm trees, and bacteria

Accepted Answer

biosphere

Answer

geosphere

Answer

hydrosphere

Answer

atmosphere

Question 61

Includes lava, magma, and minerals

Accepted Answer

geosphere

Answer

hydrosphere

Answer

atmosphere

Answer

biosphere

Question 62

Includes the air you breathe

Accepted Answer

atmosphere

Answer

geosphere

Answer

hydrosphere

Answer

biosphere

Question 63

When energy travels by waves

Accepted Answer

radiation

Answer

conduction

Answer

convection

Question 64

Causes wind

Accepted Answer

convection

Answer

radiation

Answer

conduction

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