DNA Technology

This is an mRNA codon chart.

This table shows the sequence of a gene found in four separate organisms.

Organism 1 AAC  ACA  TTA

Organism 2 GAG ACA  TTA

Organism 3 AAC ACG TTT

Organism 4 GAT  ACG TTG

Which organism would have a protein whose function differed from that found in the other organisms?

• Organism 3

• Organism 2

• Organism 1

• Organism 4

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What is the main benefit to using genetically modified organisms, even though their use has sparked an ethical debate around the world?

• Fewer pesticides are released into the environment.

• Humans can produce more insulin naturally.

• Fewer pharmaceutical products are produced.

• Farm products have a more pleasing appearance.

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What is the main goal of the Human Genome Project?

• to sequence all DNA on human chromosomes

• to find cures for genetic diseases

• to find all mutations in human DNA

• to count the number of genes in human DNA

What is the goal of genetic engineering?

• to create a stronger, more resilient organism

• to create a homozygous hybrid

• to map the organism’s genes

• to map a new set of genes

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A biochemist is working to isolate the insulin that a transgenic bacterial culture has produced. Which step of the transgenic process would have come right before the protein isolation?

• Cultured bacterial cells are induced to make the transgenic protein.

• Restriction enzymes cut the plasmid for insertion of the insulin gene.

• Insulin is purified and packaged for use.

• Bacteria cells are induced to take in the insulin plasmid.

Which approach would be least helpful in determining genetic differences between species?

• observation of mating habits

• analysis of DNA

• examination of proteins encoded by DNA

• identification of amino acids that make up proteins

The diagram below compares the DNA of a newly discovered bird (Bird 1) with four known bird species. 

Which bird is least likely related to Bird 1?

• Bird 2

• Bird 3

• Bird 4

• Bird 5

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The diagram below shows the steps in bacterial transformation. 

In which step would restriction enzymes most likely be used?

• Step 2

• Step 3

• Step 1

• Step 4

Which areas in society are most directly benefiting from the use of transgenic organisms?

• education and sports

• medicine and agriculture

• politics and economics

• aerospace and architecture

The diagram of the bacterial cell below shows the structures necessary for the creation of a transgenic organism.

Which statement correctly identifies the structure labeled as Structure II and describes its role in creating a transgenic organism?

• Structure II is a nucleus. The nucleus releases its genetic material to combine with the host organism’s mitochondria and create recombinant DNA, which is then inserted into a host organism to create a transgenic organism.

• Structure II is a mitochondrion. Genetic material is inserted into the mitochondrion, which is then placed into the cells of another organism where it combines with that organism’s chromosomes to create a transgenic organism.

• Structure II is a ribosome. The ribosome combines with the host organism’s genetic material to create recombinant DNA, which is then inserted into a host organism to create a transgenic organism.

• Structure II is a bacterial plasmid. Genetic material is inserted into the plasmid, which is then placed into the cells of another organism where it combines with that organism’s chromosomes to create a transgenic organism.