The Protestant Reformation

What was the main factor that allowed the Reformation movement to spread in Germany?

• A strong central government

• The rejection of national identity

• The influence of wealthy shrines

• The existence of many independent states

What was a benefit German rulers gained from separating from the Catholic Church?

• German rulers no longer had to worry about Peasant Wars

• German rulers could now take church property

• German rulers no longer had to provide indulgences

• German rulers could now use their own religious text

What was the outcome of the Peace of Augsburg?

• It recognized Catholicism as the official religion of the Holy Roman Empire.

• It led to the abdication of Charles V in 1556.

• It permitted each territory to decide whether it would be Catholic or Lutheran.

• It ended the military alliances formed by Protestant territories in the empire.

What caused England to break with Rome?

• Henry VIII's desire for a new wife

• The influence of John Calvin

• The economic consequences of the Reformation

• The Pope's refusal to grant Henry an annulment

Who legalized the Reformation in England?

• John Calvin

• The English Parliament

• The Pope

• Thomas Cromwell

What was the Irish response to the Reformation?

• Most Irish people converted to Protestantism

• The Irish ruling class adopted the new reformed faith

• Irish opposition led to harsh repression by the English

• Ireland was already Protestant at the time

What was Calvin's belief about free will?

• Humans had free will to achieve salvation.

• Humans did not have free will to achieve salvation.

• Humans had partial free will to achieve salvation.

• Calvin did not express his opinion about free will.

What impact did Calvinism have on individuals' attitudes towards work and moral conduct?

• It discouraged people from working hard and living morally.

• It emphasized the importance of leisure over work and moral conduct.

• It promoted the idea that hard work and proper moral conduct could be signs of salvation.

• It had no impact on individuals' attitudes towards work and moral conduct.