Bio 171 Lecture 26

What species causes tuberculosis?

• Virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis

• Bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis

• Bacterium, Bacillus anthracis

• Virus, Human immunodeficiency virus

What factors contributed to reemergence of TB as a major infectious disease in the 1980s

• Antibiotics being more and more effective

• HIV/AIDS Epidemic

• Crowded conditions

• Isolated conditions

How do antibiotics works?

• Blocking cell wall synthesis

• Blocking communication between bacteria

• Change shape of drug's target molecule

• Blocking cell membrane synthesis

How can a bacterial cell be "resistant" to an antibiotic drug?

• Blocking protein synthesis

• Prevent it from entering cell

• Destroy it

• Pump it out

How do humans affect allele frequencies in bacteria, mites, insects, plants?

• Selective breeding

• artificial selection

• inadvertent selection

• None of the above

Active TB patients are typically treated with 1-2 antibiotics

• True

• False

In latent TB, the TB is in little pockets in granulomas, protected from the immune system

• True

• False

In active TB, patients have a lot of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

cells

• True

• False

What is the main human contributor to the development of antibiotic resistance?

Horizontal gene transfer

• Transmission of DNA between different genomes

• Transfer of genetic material from parental organism to progeny

• Progeny produced from genetically modified organism