Unit 9 practice

A student has just failed a psychology exam. Which of the following explanations is LEAST likely to be evidence of the self-serving bias?

• My teacher hates me

• The material is so hard no one can pass

• I did not study hard enough

• I was having a bad day when i took the test.

• The room was so hot i could not concentrate

Daria provides alternative viewpoints for ideas proposed during the student council meeting. The most likely consequence of her critiques is that they will

• lead people to make a fundamental attribution error

• prevent groupthink

• decrease the chance that cognitive dissonance will take place

• encourage the out‑group homogeneity effect

• lead to greater social facilitation

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6  of  157

An individual bystander is most likely to help an injured person under which of the following circumstances?

• When it is unclear if the injured person needs help

• When the bystander is the only other person present

• When the injury is severe

• When the other people present are not helping the injured person

• When a large number of people are present

In the experiments of Solomon Asch, the tendency of group members to conform was reduced most by which of the following factors?

• Frequent interaction among the group members

• The appointment of a democratic leader

• A decentralized communication network

• The threat of punishment

• The presence of a single dissenter

According to attribution theory, Pablo is most likely to attribute his high score on a difficult exam to

• his instructor's teaching ability

• good luck

• his intelligence

• the low level of difficulty of the exam

• his classmates' inadequate preparation for the exam

The tendency to believe that another person’s behavior is caused by dispositional factors rather than by environmental factors is called

• the fundamental attribution error

• situational attribution

• impression management

• an implicit personality theory

• sound judgement

Which of the following behaviors is most closely associated with the foot-in-the-door phenomenon?

• Beth continues to participate in class because she is positively reinforced.

• Adam is sleeping while the rest of his classmates are working on their group project.

• Sutan asks his father for $5, and when he agrees, Sutan asks him for $15 more.

• James feels pressure to go to the movies with his friends even though he prefers to go bowling.

• Diana feels guilty because she did pay attention to Dr. Shader's lecture

The primary difference between the central route and the peripheral route to persuasion is whether the persuasion focuses on

• internal attributions

• Social Roles

• historical events

• content of the message

• genetics

Frank comes out of his monthly meeting of conspiracy theorists even more convinced than ever that there is a secret group trying to take over the world. Frank’s experience best illustrates

• cognitive dissonance

• Social Loafing

• deindividuation

• Social facilitation

• Group polarization

A supervisor who doubts the competence of a new employee unwittingly criticizes everything the new employee does. If the new employee consequently performs poorly, which of the following will most likely have occurred?

• Latent learning

• Pluralistic ignorance

• A self-fulfilling prophecy

• The Hawthorne effect

• Halo effect