Chapter 3 - Cognitive Approach

What was the aim(s) of Andrade’s study?

• Does doodling (sketching of patterns and figures unrelated to the primary task) aid in information processing (namely memory)?
• Does telling participants they loved eating asparagus as children cause them to generate false beliefs or memories about asparagus?
• Do children imitate behavior (specifically aggression) when they observe it in a role model?
• Can exposure therapy reduce the disgust and distress of those with button phobia?

What was the aim(s) of Baron-Cohen’s study?

• Will people with Aspergers or Autism be impaired on the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” test for distinguishing emotions?
• Are there sex differences in performance on ability to distinguish others’ emotions for those with Autism?
• Does the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” test correlate with other measures of autistic traits?
• Do children imitate behavior (specifically aggression) when they observe it in a role model?

What was the aim(s) of Laney’s first experiment?

• Does telling participants they loved eating asparagus as children cause them to generate false beliefs or memories about asparagus?
• Is the sight of asparagus more appealing to participants after a false love of asparagus has been conditioned into them?
• Does dream recall differ between REM and nREM sleep?
• Is the amygdala sensitive to varying degrees of emotional intensity?

What was the aim(s) of Laney’s second experiment?

• Is the sight of asparagus more appealing to participants after a false love of asparagus has been conditioned into them?
• Were the results of Laney’s first experiment reliable?
• Can exposure therapy reduce the disgust and distress of those with button phobia?
• How obedient will people be when receiving orders from an authority figure?

What was the sample for Andrade’s study?

• 40 members of a participant panel at the Medical Research Council unit for cognitive research. 18-55 years old, mainly females (5 males)
• 72 children (3-6yo; equal parts boy and girl) from the Stanford University nursery school
• 7 males and 2 female adults
• 15 people with Aspergers/High-Functioning Autism (AS/HFA) & 14 people with similar IQs (1 IQ point average difference)

What was the sample for Baron-Cohen’s study?

• 15 people with Aspergers/High-Functioning Autism (AS/HFA) & 14 people with similar IQs (1 IQ point average difference)
• 122 ‘normal’ adults & 103 ‘normal’ students
• 5 chimpanzees housed within the Primate Research Institute who had been part of many other perceptual and cognitive studies, including some similar to the current aim
• 72 children (3-6yo; equal parts boy and girl) from the Stanford University nursery school

What was the sample for Laney’s first experiment?

• 128 undergrads (mostly females) at the University of California. Received course credit for participation
• 72 children (3-6yo; equal parts boy and girl) from the Stanford University nursery school
• 40 male (20-50yo) volunteers
• ~4450 passengers traveling on an underground service between Harlem and the Bronx weekdays (11am-3pm) - opportunity sample

What was the sample for Laney’s second experiment?

• 103 undergrads (mostly females) from the University of Washington. Received course credit for participation
• 185 male University of Minnesota students taking introductory psychology. received course credit for participation
• 72 children (3-6yo; equal parts boy and girl) from the Stanford University nursery school
• 1 African Gray parrot (“Alex”) who had been used for research on communication and cognition for 10 years - case study

What kind of experiment was Andrade’s study?

• laboratory experiment
• natural/quasi-experiment
• case study
• controlled observation (lab setting)

What kind of experiment was Baron-Cohen’s study?

• laboratory experiment
• natural/quasi-experiment
• case study
• controlled observation (lab setting)