Biology Keystone Review - Module A

A mitochondrian produces ATP for energy. A plant's leaves turn toward the direction of sunlight. A bacteria cell secretes a waste product through its plasma membrane. Which characteristic of life do all of these examples describe?

• growing and reproducing

• obtaining and using energy

• response to external stimuli

• maintenance of homeostasis

Answer explanation

ATP is the cells energy currency. Plants use sunlight for photosynthesis. Waste secretion is a type of active transport.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

Which do cells of an E. coli bacterium and an elephant have in common?

• ribosomes to assemble proteins

• mitochondria to produce energy

• chloroplasts found around the vacuole

• chromosomes located in the cytoplasm

Answer explanation

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes share four structures: cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and genetic information (DNA).

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

A cell from which organism would most likely be smallest?

• a sugar maple tree

• a five-spotted ladybug

• a Saccharomyces yeast

• a Lactobacillus bacterium

Answer explanation

Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells. Trees, ladybugs, and yeast are all examples of eukaryotes. Bacteria are prokaryotes.

What statement correctly pairs the organelle with its function?

• The vacuole stores genetic information

• The chloroplast synthesizes proteins from amino acids

• The nucleus absorbs the sun's energy for photosynthesis

• The plasma membrane controls the flow of materials into the cell

Answer explanation

The plasma membrane (also called the cell membrane) is semipermeable. Semipermeable means only certain substances can pass through it.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which structure is not present in all organisms?

• a cell wall

• a plasma membrane

• genetic material

• cytoplasm

Answer explanation

All cells share 4 structures: a cell membrane, genetic material, ribosomes, and cytoplasm.

Which structure contains the cell's genetic material?

• structure 2

• structure 4

• structure 5

• structure 6

Answer explanation

DNA, the cells genetic material, is stored in the nucleus.

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NGSS.MS-LS3-1

Many trees in temperate environments have broad, flat leaves. How does this leaf structure support the function of obtaining energy?

• A flatter surface allows more oxygen to enter the leaf

• A flatter surface allows more water to be retained in the leaf

• A larger surface area allows more light to reach the mesophyll

• A larger surface area allows more room for photosynthetic cells

Answer explanation

A broad, flat leaf has a large surface area, which provides more area over which sunlight may enter the leaf and reach the mesophyll beneath.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5

Which sequence is arranged from simplest to most complex?

• squamous cell, epithelial tissue, skin, integumentary system, human

• squamous cell, skin, integumentary system, epithelial tissue, human

• human, integumentary system, squamous cell, skin, epithelial tissue

• human, squamous cell, skin, epithelial tissue, integumentary system

Answer explanation

Cells are the smallest unit of life. Cells combine to make tissues, tissues combine to make organs, organs work together as organ systems, and organ systems combine to form an organism.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-2

Two types of tissues that compose the stomach organ are epithelial and connective. Which function of epithelial tissues distinguishes them from connective tissue?

• They support and link to other tissues

• They churn and move food through the stomach

• They transmit messages rapidly through the body

• They line the inner and outer surfaces of the stomach

Answer explanation

Epithelial tissue, like skin, cover the inside and outside of body surfaces. Connective tissue is used for support and protection.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-3

What function do these organ systems in the fish perform together?

• digestion

• locomotion

• obtaining energy

• exchanging gases

Answer explanation

Gills, blood vessels, and the heart assist the fish in moving oxygen-rich blood throughout the body and oxygen-poor blood back to the gills.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-2