Exam 3 Practice Quic

List as many functions of protein that you can think of.

Answer explanation

Potential answers include tissue growth, repair, messengers, regulation of body processes, immune system, and energy, to name a few.

An __ amino acid is required by the body and must be consumed through the diet.

Answer explanation

Both essential and nonessential amino acids are required by the body; however, essential amino acids must be consumed through the diet.

__ is the sum of all chemical reactions in the body.

What kind of reaction requires oxygen?

• Aerobic

• Anaerobic

Answer explanation

I always remember this as the "n" in anaerobic stands for "oxygen Not Needed."

Which populations are at risk for protein deficiency when following a vegetarian diet?

• Pregnant women

• Adolescents

• Diabetics

• Infants

Which is the first step of glucose metabolism?

• the TCA cycle

• Pyruvate-> Acetyl CoA

• Glycolysis

• The Electron Transport Chain

Answer explanation

1. Glycolysis. 2. Pyruvate -> Acetyl CoA. 3. TCA Cycle 4. Electron Transport Chain

Which of the following does an amino acid contain? (select all that apply)

• Unique Side chain

• Alcohol group

• Nitrogen

• Carboxyl group

Answer explanation

Note: Protein is the only macronutrient that contains nitrogen!

True/false: Amino acids can be converted to glucose for energy.

• True.

• False.

Answer explanation

When low in energy, the body will convert amino acids to energy; these are called "glucogenic" amino acids.

Which of the following would denature a protein?

• Place in acidic solution

• refrigerate in solution

• Apply heat via grilling

• Mix with salt

Answer explanation

Heat and acid are two things that can denature protein.

Excess protein consumed can result in excess nitrogen, which is toxic to the body, so the __ converts nitrogen to urea to be excreted.

• Kidneys

• Liver

• Heart

• Pancreas

Answer explanation

While we may think of the kidneys when we think urea, the liver is actually responsible for generating urea.