Cosmetics Midterm Review

The cation associated with the carboxylated head group comprises the following, EXCEPT:

• Halogens

• Alkali Earth Metals

• Triethanolamine

• Heavy metals

This is the most widely used process in soap-making. 

• Oxidation   

• Saponification 

• Neutralization

• Reduction

This oil acts by reducing hardness and providing solubility and lather with large bubbles that do not last long. This is one of the most important oils in soap-making. 

• Palm oil

• Rose oil

• Lavender oil 

• Coconut oil  

This is commonly used as a substitute to coconut oil in the soapmaking process.

• Palm kernel oil

• Palm oil

• Coconut oil

• Tallow

This is the undesirable soft part of the bar that results from the hydration of a soap bar as it sits in a wet soap dish.                                      

• Chips

• Crack

• Lather

• Slough

This is the splitting of a bar along the side seams or at any part in the bar during use which is perceived negatively by consumers. 

• Creaming

• Cracking

• Lathering

• Scoring

This is made from triethanolamine soap as gentle facial cleanser.

• Potassium soap

• Sodium soap

• Opaque soft bar

• Calcium soap

The following are natural thickeners, EXCEPT:

• Carboxymethylcellulose

• Xanthan

• Alginates

• Caraginates

These new types of emulsions are of interest to the skincare formulator because of the elegant appearance and less greasy feel of these formulation types. 

• Absorption emulsions

• Multiple emulsions  

• Aqueous emulsions 

• Lipid-soluble emulsions 

Kojic acid skin lightening mechanism of action:

• Inhibits the conversion of dopa to melanin by inhibiting the tyrosinase enzyme

• Inhibit melanin production by reducing o-quinones 

• Suppresses tyrosinase attributable to chelation of its copper

• Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis