Units 6-9 Review

6.1   For Piaget, children of all ages are like scientists in that they create theories about how the world works.

• True

• False

6.2  According to Piaget, infants are born with object permanence, the ability to understand that objects exist independently.

• True

• False

6.3  One of Piaget’s greatest contributions to teaching was constructivism, the view that children are active participants in their own development.

• True

• False

6.4  Assimilation occurs when a child’s theories are modified based on experience.

• True

• False

6.5  Preoperational children typically believe that others see the world, both literally and figuratively, exactly as they do, a concept known as egocentrism.

• True

• False

6.6  A weakness of Piaget’s theory is that it undervalues the influence of the sociocultural environment on cognitive development.

• True

• False

6.7  According to Vygotsky, children’s cognitive development progresses more rapidly when they walk hand in hand with an expert partner.

• True

• False

6.8  Scaffolding refers to the difference between the level of performance a child can achieve when working independently and the higher level of performance that is possible when working under the guidance of more skilled adults or peers.

• True

• False

6.9  Vygotsky viewed inner speech as an intermediate step toward self-regulation of cognitive skills.

• True

• False

6.10   According to Vygotsky, development is optimal when the amount of assistance given exceeds the amount that the child needs.

• True

• False