Quiz about Psych 105: Chapters 13-14

Question 1

Person perception is...

Accepted Answer

forming impressions of others

Answer

how good a person's eyesight is

Answer

how you perceive yourself

Question 2

Choose the BEST answer: People who are attractive are seen as being more...

Accepted Answer

sociable, kind, and honest

Answer

mean, hateful, and rude

Answer

timid, quiet, and prude

Question 3

Cognitive schemas/social schemas are...

Accepted Answer

organized clusters of ideas about categories of social events and people

Answer

processes that lead people to expect others to have certain characteristics because of membership

Answer

integrated sets of memories, beliefs, and generalizations about one's behaviour in a given domain

Question 4

Stereotypes are...

Accepted Answer

processes that lead people to expect others to have certain characteristics because of membership

Answer

organized clusters of ideas about categories of social events and people

Answer

integrated sets of memories, beliefs, and generalizations about one's behaviour in a given domain

Question 5

Self-schemas are...

Accepted Answer

integrated sets of memories, beliefs, and generalizations about one's behaviour in a given domain

Answer

processes that lead people to expect others to have certain characteristics because of membership

Answer

organized clusters of ideas about categories of social events and people

Question 6

____________ occurs when people estimate that they have encountered more conformations of an association between social traits than they have actually seen.

Accepted Answer

Illusory correlation

Answer

Self-serving bias

Answer

Actor-observer bias

Answer

Attribution

Question 7

_____ is a group that one belongs to and identifies with

Accepted Answer

Ingroup

Answer

Outgroup

Question 8

_____ is a group that one does not belong to or identifies with

Accepted Answer

Outgroup

Answer

Ingroup

Question 9

Prejudice is a negative attitude towards someone based on their membership in a group. Discrimination is...

Accepted Answer

an action

Answer

a positive attitude towards a person based on their membership to a group

Question 10

Attributions are...

Accepted Answer

inferences that people draw about the causes of events, others' behaviour and their own behaviour.

Answer

organized clusters if ideas about categories of social events and people

Answer

widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristic because of their membership to a group

Question 11

Internal attributions...

Accepted Answer

ascribe the causes of behaviour to personal dispositions, traits, abilities, and feelings

Answer

ascribe the causes of behaviour to situational demands and environmental constraints

Question 12

External attributions...

Accepted Answer

ascribe the causes of behaviour to situational demands and environmental constraints

Answer

ascribe the causes of behaviour to personal dispositions, traits, abilities, and feelings

Question 13

Biases in Attributions: Fundamental attribution error...

Accepted Answer

refers to observers' bias on favour of internal attributions in explaining others' behaviour

Answer

is when actors favour external attributions for their behaviour, whereas observers are more likely to explain the same behaviour with internal attributions

Answer

is the tendency to attribute one's successes to personal factors and one's failures to situational factors

Answer

is the tendency to blame victims for their misfortunes, so that one feels less victimized in a similar way

Question 14

Biases in Attributions: Actor observer bias...

Accepted Answer

is when actors favour external attributions for their behaviour, whereas observers are more likely to explain the same behaviour with internal attributions

Answer

refers to observers' bias on favour of internal attributions in explaining others' behaviour

Answer

is the tendency to attribute one's successes to personal factors and one's failures to situational factors

Answer

is the tendency to blame victims for their misfortunes, so that one feels less victimized in a similar way

Question 15

Biases in Attributions: Self-serving bias...

Accepted Answer

is the tendency to attribute one's successes to personal factors and one's failures to situational factors

Answer

refers to observers' bias on favour of internal attributions in explaining others' behaviour

Answer

is when actors favour external attributions for their behaviour, whereas observers are more likely to explain the same behaviour with internal attributions

Answer

is the tendency to blame victims for their misfortunes, so that one feels less victimized in a similar way

Question 16

Biases in Attributions: Defensive attribution...

Accepted Answer

is the tendency to blame victims for their misfortunes, so that one feels less victimized in a similar way

Answer

refers to observers' bias on favour of internal attributions in explaining others' behaviour

Answer

is when actors favour external attributions for their behaviour, whereas observers are more likely to explain the same behaviour with internal attributions

Answer

is the tendency to attribute one's successes to personal factors and one's failures to situational factors

Question 17

_____ are positive or negative evaluations of objects of thought

Accepted Answer

Attitudes

Answer

Affirmations

Answer

Attributions

Question 18

The _______ theory suggests that attitudes may be learned from parents, peers, the media, cultural traditions, and other social influences

Accepted Answer

learning

Answer

dissonance

Answer

self-perception

Question 19

The _______ theory assumes that inconsistency among attitudes propels people in the direction of attitude change

Accepted Answer

dissonance

Answer

learning

Answer

self-perception

Question 20

The _______ theory suggests that people often infer their attitudes from their behaviour.

Accepted Answer

self-perception

Answer

learning

Answer

dissonance

Question 21

Elaboration Likelihood Model: the _____ route is taken when people carefully ponder the content and logic of persuasion

Accepted Answer

central

Answer

peripheral

Question 22

Elaboration Likelihood Model: the _____ route is taken when persuasion depends on non-message factors such as attractiveness and credibility of the source

Accepted Answer

peripheral

Answer

central

Question 23

In liking/loving situations, ________ suggests that we like those who show that they like us.

Accepted Answer

Reciprocity

Answer

Mate choice copies

Answer

Matching hypothesis

Question 24

Hatfield and Berscheid:_____ love is a complete absorption in another that includes tender sexual feelings and the agony and ecstasy of intense emotion

Accepted Answer

Passionate

Answer

Companionate

Question 25

Hatfield and Berscheid: _____ love is warm, trusting, tolerant affection for another whose life is deeply intertwined with one's own.

Accepted Answer

Companionate

Answer

Passionate

Question 26

Sternberg: ______ refers to warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship

Accepted Answer

Intimacy

Answer

Commitment

Question 27

Sternberg: ______ is an intent to maintain a relationship in spite of the difficulties and costs that may arise

Accepted Answer

Commitment

Answer

Intimacy

Question 28

Choose the BEST answer: _______ involves yielding to real or imagined social pressure.

Accepted Answer

Conformity

Answer

Obedience

Question 29

________ influence is conforming to social norms for fear of negative social consequences

Accepted Answer

Normative

Answer

Informational

Question 30

________ influence operates when people look to others for guidance about how to behave in ambiguous situations

Accepted Answer

Informational

Answer

Normative

Question 31

_______ is a form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority

Accepted Answer

Obedience

Answer

Conformity

Question 32

The Bystander effect suggests that people are _____ likely to provide needed help when they are in groups than when they are alone.

Accepted Answer

less

Answer

more

Question 33

________ is a reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups as compared to when they work by themselves

Accepted Answer

Social loafing

Answer

Group polarization

Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Group cohesiveness

Question 34

________ occurs when group discussion strengthens a group's dominant point of view and produces a shift toward a more extreme decision in that direction

Accepted Answer

Group polarization

Answer

Social loafing

Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Group cohesiveness

Question 35

________ occurs when members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at a decision.

Accepted Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Social loafing

Answer

Group polarization

Answer

Group cohesiveness

Question 36

________ refers to the strength of the liking relationships linking group members together to each other and to the group itself.

Accepted Answer

Group cohesiveness

Answer

Social loafing

Answer

Group polarization

Answer

Groupthink

Question 37

True or False: routine stressors at home, at school, and at work might be fairly benign individually, but collectively they can create great strain.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 38

________ is the initial evaluation of whether an event is one of the following:

1.) Relevant to you

2.) Relevant to you but not threatening

3.) Stressful

Accepted Answer

Primary appraisal

Answer

Secondary appraisal

Question 39

________ is an evaluation of your coping resources and options for dealing with stress

Accepted Answer

Secondary appraisal

Answer

Primary appraisal

Question 40

______ stressors are threatening events that have relatively short duration and clear endpoints

Accepted Answer

Acute

Answer

Chronic

Question 41

______ stressors are threatening events that have relatively long duration and no apparent time limit

Accepted Answer

Chronic

Answer

Acute

Question 42

_____ is experienced whenever the pursuit of some goal is thwarted

Accepted Answer

Frustration

Answer

Conflict

Answer

Life changes

Answer

Pressure

Question 43

_____ occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioural impulses compete

Accepted Answer

Conflict

Answer

Frustration

Answer

Life changes

Answer

Pressure

Question 44

Conflict: _________ conflict is when a choice must be made between two attractive goals

Accepted Answer

approach-approach

Answer

avoidance-avoidance

Answer

approach-avoidance

Question 45

Conflict: _________ conflict is when a choice must be made between two unattractive goals

Accepted Answer

avoidance-avoidance

Answer

approach-approach

Answer

approach-avoidance

Question 46

Conflict: _________ conflict is when a choice must be made about whether to pursue a single goal that has both attractive and unattractive aspects

Accepted Answer

approach-avoidance

Answer

approach-approach

Answer

avoidance-avoidance

Question 47

_____ occurs when there are any substantial alterations in one's living circumstances that require readjustment

Accepted Answer

Life changes

Answer

Frustration

Answer

Conflict

Answer

Pressure

Question 48

_____ involves expectations or demands that one behave in a certain way

Accepted Answer

Pressure

Answer

Frustration

Answer

Conflict

Answer

Life changes

Question 49

Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome: _______ occurs when an organism first recognizes the existence of a threat

Accepted Answer

Alarm

Answer

Resistance

Answer

Exhaustion

Question 50

Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome: _______ entails physiological changes stabilizing as coping efforts get underway

Accepted Answer

Resistance

Answer

Alarm

Answer

Exhaustion

Question 51

Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome: _______ is when the body's resources for fighting stress are limited

Accepted Answer

Exhaustion

Answer

Alarm

Answer

Resistance

Question 52

Coping...

Accepted Answer

refers to active efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress

Answer

involves physical and emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and lowered sense of self-efficacy that can be brought on by chronic work/school stress

Question 53

Burnout...

Accepted Answer

involves physical and emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and lowered sense of self-efficacy that can be brought on gradually by chronic work/school stress

Answer

refers to active efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress

Question 54

Select all that apply to Type A personality:

Accepted Answer

strong competitive orientation

Accepted Answer

impatience and time urgency

Accepted Answer

anger and hostility

Answer

relaxed and easy going

Answer

patient and amicable

Question 55

Select all that apply to Type B personality:

Accepted Answer

relaxed and easy going

Accepted Answer

patient and amicable

Answer

strong competitive orientation

Answer

impatience and time urgency

Answer

anger and hostility

Question 56

Select the factors that can moderate the impact of stress:

Accepted Answer

Social support

Accepted Answer

Optimism

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness

Answer

Pessimism

Question 57

_______ social support is the overt emotional solace and instrumental aid from others

Accepted Answer

Explicit

Answer

Implicit

Question 58

_______ social support is the comfort that comes from knowing that one has access to close others who will be supportive

Accepted Answer

Implicit

Answer

Explicit

Question 59

Select all the components of hardiness

Accepted Answer

Commitment

Accepted Answer

Control

Accepted Answer

Challenge

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