Biology Chapters 27, 28 and 31- Prokaryotes, Protists and Fungi

A bacterium has the following characteristics: ∙ It adheres to the human intestinal lining using a feature that protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration. ∙ It can survive being boiled. ∙ It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycan.

Which of the following characteristics allows this bacterium to survive in a human who is taking penicillin pills?

• gram-negative cell wall

• peptidoglycan in the cell wall

• lipopolysaccharides in the cytoplasm

• long polypeptides in the cell wall

In which part of a bacterium is the complete chromosome found?

• mitochondrion

• nucleoid

• nucleus

• plasmid

Which of the following statements about flagella provides the best support for the claim that the flagella from eukaryotes and bacteria evolved independently?

• The flagella of both eukaryotes and bacteria are made of the same protein

• The mechanics of movement are the same in these flagella

• The protein that accomplishes the movement is different.

• The protein structure and the mechanism of movement in eukaryotes flagella are different from those of bacteria flagella.

Which of the following structures is most likely missing in a bacterium that regenerates from an endospore lacking any of the plasmids from the original cell?

• antibiotic-resistant genes

• a cell wall

• a chromosome

• water in its cytoplasm

A bacterium has the following characteristics:

∙ It adheres to the human intestinal lining using a feature that protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration.

∙ It can survive being boiled.

∙ It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycan.

∙ The bacterium is not susceptible to the penicillin family of antibiotics.

∙ The cell also lacks F factors and F plasmids.

Which of the following statements about the bacteria is most probably accurate?

• The bacterium is unable donate DNA through conjugation with another cell.

• The bacterium cannot take up DNA from its external environment.

• The bacterium is not able to form an endospore.

• The bacterium will not reproduce.

Which of the following statements correctly describes F- cells and F+ cells?

• Both types of cells can donate F plasmids to other cells

• Neither types of cells can donate F plasmids to other cells

• F+ cells function as DNA donors during conjugation and F- cells function as DNA recipients during conjugation

• F+ cells function as DNA recipients during conjugation and F- cells function as DNA donors during conjugation

If an experimental population of E. coli lacks an F factor or F plasmid, and if bacteriophages are excluded from the bacterial cultures, how would beneficial mutations be transmitted horizontally to other E. coli cells?

• sex pili

• transduction

• conjugation

• transformation

Which of the following processes leads to genetic recombination by the introduction of viral DNA into a bacterium?

• horizontal gene transfer

• conjugation

• transformation

• transduction

Which of the following statements correctly describes both phototrophs and chemotrophs?

• Both are also autotrophs

• Both obtain their energy from chemicals

• Both obtain their energy from light

• Chemotrophs obtain energy from chemicals and phototrophs obtain energy from light

While examining a rock surface, you have discovered an interesting new organism. Which of the following criteria will allow you to classify the organism as belonging to Bacteria but not Archaea or Eukarya?

• Cell walls are made primarily of peptidoglycan.

• The organism does not have a nucleus.

• The lipids in its plasma membrane consist of glycerol bonded to straight-chain fatty acids.

• It can survive at a temperature over 100°C