Epidimiological model

In the age of famine and infection, what is the average life expectancy?

• 20-40 years

• 30-50 years

• 50-60 years

• 70 years +

Increased aging; lifestyles associated with poor diet, less activity and addictions is a socio-economic factor associated with which stage?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Government actions to reduce smoking, either by law or by campaigns to persuade people to act differently are associated with which stage?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

which cause of morbidity and mortality are associated with stage 3?

• Heart disease, strokes and cancers are main causes of mortality but treatment extends life. Dementia and ageing diseases start to appear more

• Infections; nutritional deficiencies

• Reduced numbers of infections; increases in occurrence of strokes and heart disease

• High blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, smoking related cancers, strokes, heart disease and pulmonary vascular disease.

Stage 5 is associated with what?

• antibiotic resistance

• non-communicable diseases

• famines

• poor lifestyle choices

Stage 2 oversees a period of rapid urbanisation which can lead to...

• improved health due to better access to health care

• worse health in cities due to overcrowding

• increased non-communicable diseases

• unhealthy lifestyles

Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia have

• long life expectancy and high rates of cancer

• low life expectancy and low rates of cancer

• low life expectancy and high rates of concer

• long life expectancy and low rates of cancer

Delayed degenerative stage sees increases in which of the following?

• communicable diseases

• unhealthy lifestyle choices

• reduced life expectancy

• dementias

What will happen to healthcare costs as a country progresses through the model?