Chapter 8 Review

Margaret Cavendish wrote the Observations Upon Experimental Philosophy, where she argued humans were not the masters of _____________

• a. science
• b. nature
• c. space
• d. biology

Copernicus’s, Kepler’s, and Galileo’s theories were important because they all contributed to proving the heliocentric theory. What is the heliocentric theory?

• a. the universe is sun-centered with the earth revolving around it
• b. the universe is earth-centered with the planets revolving around it
• c. the universe is God-centered with the planets revolving around it
• d. the universe is moon-centered with the sun revolving around it

Who was the father of modern rationalism?

• a. Francis Bacon
• b. Maria Winkelmann
• c. William Harvey
• d. Rene Descartes

William Harvey's discovered which organ was the beginning point of blood circulation?

• a. stomach
• b. lungs
• c. liver
• d. heart

What was Francis Bacon's Scientific Method?

• a. systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence
• b. the science of developing methods
• c. a process for studying philosophy.
• d. reliance on ancient aliens.

The goal of Enlightenment thinkers, or philosophes, was to use the scientific method to

• a. keep society the same
• b. make a better society
• c. give monarchs more power
• d. allow peasants to govern

Which if the following is an economic doctrine that says the state should not interrupt natural economic forces, but leave the economy alone

• a. Deism
• b. natural rights
• c. Laissez-faire
• d. Stamp Act

Mary Wollstonecraft argues the rights of women were based on

• a. women’s need to live the same conditions as men.
• b. their ability to reason
• c. the unfairness of women not having the same rights as men.
• d. the government’s unfair ideas about women’s rights.

According to Rousseau's concept of the Social Contract in his book Discourse on the Origins of the Inequality of Mankind

• a. the government should not interfere in economic affairs.
• b. a society agrees to be governed by general will.
• c. a government should exact harsh punishment for crime.
• d. the ruler must apply Enlightenment ideas to the governing of their country

Voltaire created the religious philosophy of deism, which theorizes

• a. human nature and social conflict influence religion.
• b. God was the center of the universe.
• c. God was a mechanic who created the universe like a clock
• d. astronomy was key to understanding the universe