Specific Defenses (Unit 7 Standard B)

Compared with nonspecific defenses, specific defenses ________.

• do not distinguish between one threat and another.

• are always present at birth.

• protect against threats on an individual basis.

• deny the entry of pathogens to the body.

T cells and B cells can be activated only by _______.

• pathogens.

• interleukins, interferons, and colony-stimulating factors.

• cells infected with viruses, bacteria, or cancer cells.

• exposure to a specific antigen at a specific site on a cell membrane.

Which types of cell releases antibodies?

• Antigen-presenting cell

• B-cell

• T-cell

• all of these

What is one key to the immune system’s ability to respond quickly to a second infection by a particular pathogen?

• Having many particles of that pathogen in the body.

• Receiving a signal from a T-cell.

• Making memory B-cells after the first exposure to the pathogen.

• Having encounters with many different kinds of pathogens.

Which of the following do vaccines NOT do to help prevent disease?

• Create antibodies

• Create cytotoxic T cells

• Create memory B-cells

CD4 markers are associated with

• Cytotoxic T cells

• Suppressor T cells

• Helper T cells

• A, b, and c are correct

Class II MHC proteins appear in the cell membrane only when

• The plasma cells are releasing antibodies

• The cell is processing antigens

• Cytotoxic T cells are inhibited

• NK cells are activated

What response is the more extensive and prolonged response to an antigen?  Memory B cells respond immediately–faster than the B cells stimulated during the initial exposure.  Antibody titers increase more rapidly and reach levels many times higher.

• Primary response

• Secondary response

• Tertiary response

• None of the above

Which of the following describes the cells that stimulate the activation and function of T cells and B cells?

• cytotoxic T cells

• helper T cells

• B cells

• T cells