English 10 Art of Argument Practice Quiz

Fallacy

• a technique that people use to persuade others to think or do something

• a type of non-argumentative persuasion

• a commonly recognized type of bad argument

The two imaginary characters in the "Dialogue on Logic and Propaganda"

• Tiffany and Napoleon

• Aristotle and Tiffany

• Plato and Tiffany

• Tiffany and Socrates

Ad fontem fallacy

• a fallacy that uses personal attack, including abusive or derogatory terms (insults, put downs, etc.), attempting to “win” an argument by avoiding the issues and making the opponent look bad

• an attempt to persuade by making people afraid of what will happen if they don’t agree to the ideas of the argument

• a bad argument that focuses on the source of the argument instead of the actual issue

Tu quoque fallacy

• an attempt to persuade by making others feel sorry for the person making the argument or for the people being described in the argument

• a fallacy that avoids the issues by claiming that there is no need to take someone’s argument seriously because he or she doesn’t live by it

• a type of fallacy that attacks a source that is a group or institution rather than an individual

Red herrings

• fallacies that are particularly obvious and identifiable attempts to persuade people through emotions rather than reasoning

• fallacies that don’t necessarily play on human emotion, but nevertheless direct attention to something that is not relevant

• bad arguments that focus on the source of the argument instead of the actual issue

Ad hominem abusive fallacy

• a fallacy that uses personal attack, (insults, put downs, etc.), attempting to “win” an argument by avoiding the issues and making the opponent look bad

•  a type of fallacy that attacks a source that is a group or institution rather than an individual

• a fallacy that avoids the issues by claiming that there is no need to take someone’s argument seriously because he or she doesn’t live by it

Propaganda

•  the requirement that the parts of an argument offer objective support for the argument itself; the premises must “bear upon” the conclusion

• a commonly recognized type of bad argument

• any sort of technique that people use to get groups of people to do or believe something that they might not otherwise do or believe (especially techniques that bypass reasoning and are tricky or dishonest)

Appeal to pity

• a fallacy that avoids the issues by claiming that there is no need to take someone’s argument seriously because of something specific about their circumstances (self-interest, for example)

• an attempt to persuade by appealing to the emotions of a crowd or mob of people – instigating herd behavior intentionally, for purposes of power and control

• an attempt to persuade by making others feel sorry for the person making the argument or for the people being described in the argument

Appeal to emotion

• a fallacy that is an obvious and identifiable attempt to persuade people through emotions rather than reasoning

• an attempt to persuade by making people afraid of what will happen if they don’t agree to the ideas of the argument

• a commonly recognized type of bad argument

Ad hominem circumstantial

• a fallacy that avoids the issues by claiming that there is no need to take someone’s argument seriously because he or she doesn’t live by it

•  an attempt to persuade by appealing to a sense of elitism, “discriminating taste,” in-group status, etc.

• a fallacy that avoids the issues by claiming that there is no need to take someone’s argument seriously because of something specific about their circumstances (self-interest, for example)