Module 15 Lesson 4 Review

Which of the following conditions during the Industrial Revolution supported Karl Marx’s ideas?

• There were a few wealthy business people while the majority of people were poor.

• More material goods were available.

• People were no longer threatened by famine.

• People left the countryside and moved to the cities.

The idea that the goal of society should be “the greatest happiness for the greatest number” of its citizens was a philosophy held by

• utilitarians.

• Marxists.

• Utopians.

• capitalists.

Who was the prophet of laissez-faire economics?

• John Stuart Mill

• Karl Marx

• Adam Smith

• Jeremy Bentham

Who were the Bourgeoisie according to Karl Marx?

• The working class

• The government

• The owners of the means of production

• The anarchists

According to Ricardo, what did higher wages ultimately lead to?

• a population decline

• war

• an economic boom

• lower wages

Why did Malthus urge families to have fewer children?

• He disliked children.

• Children were a burden for the state.

• He believed that population would outpace the food supply.

• As population grew, the economy declined.

Adam Smith would most likely agree with which statement?

• Revolution is the only solution to economic problems.

• Five-year plans are necessary in order to industrialize.

• All nations would benefit from an agricultural economy.

• Government should follow a laissez-faire policy.

Which characteristic is associated with an economy based on the principles of laissez-faire?

• prices based on supply and demand

• production quotas established by the central government

• distribution of goods determined by the customs of a traditional society

• some goods exchanged for other goods of equal value

“. . . They [the Communists] openly declare that their ends can be attained [achieved] only by the forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. Working men of all countries, unite!”

— Friederich Engels and Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto, 1848 from the NYS Global History and Geography Regents Exam, August 2002.

These views, expressed by Engels and Marx, were developed in reaction to the

• unification of Germany

• Commercial Revolution

• Congress of Vienna

• Industrial Revolution

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels encouraged workers to improve their lives by

• electing union representatives

• participating in local government

• overthrowing the capitalist system

• demanding pensions and disability insurance