Biology Regents Midterm Review

Which is true?

• Fertilization usually happens in structure C.
• Development of an embryo usually happens in structure C
• Fertilization usually occurs in structure D.
• Structure D produces hormones necessary for the development of the female reproductive system.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Students in a science class took their pulse rates before and after they ran in place for one minute. The class data showed that pulse rates increased with exercise. A graph of the data would look most like (SEE DIAGRAM)

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Essential materials needed for development are transported to a human fetus through the:

• reproductive hormones 
• egg cell
• ovaries
• placenta 

One result of the ability of organisms to detect and appropriately respond to stimuli is

• an organ malfunction

• dynamic equalibrium

• gene manipulation

• an allergic reaction

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-8

Which statement describes a failure of homeostasis in humans?

• When activity in an individual increases, the body temperature rises and the individual sweats.

• As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases in the human body, the lungs begin to expel more carbon dioxide.

• A viral infection leads to a decrease in the number of white blood cells being produced in the body.

• After an individual gets a cut, certain chemical changes begin the healing process.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

A small lizard spends the morning hours lying in the sunlight until its body temperature rises. Later on in the day, the lizard rests in a shady area until its body temperature cools. This type of behavior is important to

• maintain homeostasis

• detect variations

• attract mates

• obtain nutrients

Doctors sometimes use a vaccine to prepare the body to defend itself against future infections. These vaccines most often contain

• antibodies

• antibiotics

• white blood cells

• weakened pathogens

Hammerhead sharks are unlike most other shark species. Nearly all shark species either lay eggs or give birth to live young after their eggs hatch internally. Hammerhead sharks form a placenta, a structure more commonly found in mammals, such as humans. One role of the placenta in the development of offspring is normally to

• produce blood cells

• provide milk

• produce gametes

• transfer nutrients

Answer explanation

The placenta is an organ in the uterus of females that is the main force of providing the fetus with the necessary nutrients to survive. It does not produce any blood cells for the offspring. Milk is not transferred through the placenta, its only given to the offspring after birth. Gametes does not have anything to do with the placenta, but are already utilized to create the zygote (which will eventually become the fetus).

Which sequence best represents the correct order of events in the formation of a sexually reproduced individual?

• embryo → zygote → gamete → fetus

• zygote → embryo → fetus → gamete

• gametes → embryo → fetus → zygote

• gametes → zygote → embryo → fetus

Answer explanation

Fertilization begins this whole process, where the gametes (sex cells) produced in the process of meiosis form the zygote. A week later it becomes an embryo, and then at eight weeks, it becomes a fetus.

Which statement about the response of the body to pathogens is correct?

• Red blood cells engulf invaders and produce antibodies that attack invaders.

• Vaccinations may contain weakened microbes that stimulate the formation of antibodies.

• AIDS is a bacterial disease that strengthens the immune system.

• All allergic reactions are caused by an immune response to microorganisms.

Answer explanation

Vaccines provide either dead or weakened versions of the disease in order to have the body create white blood cells to be prepared to fight future infections. White blood cells are the ones that create antibodies, not the red blood cells. AIDS (a predecessor of HIV) is a viral disease, not a bacterial disease, that harms the immune system. Microorganisms don't necessarily cause allergic reactions ether.