Science Review

Different areas of Earth’s oceans receive different amounts of energy in the form of heat, resulting in ocean currents and weather patterns. What is the main source of this energy?

• kinetic energy from tides

• electromagnetic radiation from the sun

• kinetic energy from ocean currents

• energy transfer within Earth’s crust

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Surface currents and waves form when energy from the sun causes two of Earth’s spheres to interact. Which two spheres interact to produce these waves and currents?

• the biosphere and hydrosphere

• the geosphere and biosphere

• the atmosphere and hydrosphere

• the cryosphere and atmosphere

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When we measure the amount of moisture in the air, we are measuring the

• pressure

• humidity

• precipitation

• temperature

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Light from the sun heats Earth’s atmosphere. When the air becomes warmer, it expands, resulting in weather patterns. Which type of energy increases as air expands?

• electrical energy

• chemical energy

• nuclear energy

• kinetic energy

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Conduction happens as energy flows from a warmer object to a cooler object. Which of the following is evidence of conduction?

• cooler air molecules come in contact with warm ground, causing energy to be passed to the air

• electromagnetic radiation transfers energy from the sun to Earth

• dense water sinks to the ocean floor and less dense water moves to the ocean surface

• warmer air is pushed upward and out of the way by coole

The following is a picture of a greenhouse. A greenhouse is a building where plants are cultivated. Because a greenhouse traps some of the incoming solar radiation, the air inside is generally warmer than the air outside.

Which gas in the Earth’s atmosphere acts like this greenhouse?

• argon

• nitrogen

• carbon dioxide

• oxygen

Which claim describes the role heat plays in the formation of convection currents?

• When water gains heat, it moves slower.

• When water loses heat, it becomes denser and sinks.

• When water gains heat, it becomes denser and sinks.

• When water loses heat, it moves faster.

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The currents in Earth’s oceans are affected by temperature. The following diagram shows an ocean current.

Which of the following statements explains why the water is cold at the bottom of this current?

• Cold water contains more salt than warm water

• Cold water is less dense than warm water

• Cold water is more dense than warm water

• Cold water contains less salt than warm water

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Cloudy nights are often warmer than clear nights. Which reasoning explains why cloudy nights tend to be warmer than clear nights?

• Clouds trap heat energy.

• Clouds store and release heat from Earth’s interior.

• Clouds generate wind.

• Clouds reflect energy from the sun.

In describing weather completely, it is important to include, among other aspects, air pressure, precipitation, and humidity. One of the following statements is not true. Which of the following is not true?

• Precipitation is a form of water that falls to Earth’s surface from the clouds.

• Wind is the movement of air that results from differences in air pressure.

• When the temperature of the air cools to the dew point, the air is saturated, and water droplets will for

• Air typically moves from areas of lower pressure to areas of higher pressure.

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