Dan's typhoid quiz

What is an invasive bacterial infection?

• When a pathogen enters host cells

• When a pathogen infects sites that are normally sterile

• Pathogen colonisation of mucosal surfaces normally colonised by flora

• all of the above

Typhoidal Salmonella evade intestinal immune responses to cause invasive infections

• True

• False

Non-typhoidal Salmonella are restricted to the gut by intestinal immune responses

• True

• False

How has the typhoidal pathogen Salmonella Typhi become adapted to the human host?

• S.Typhi has 200+ additional virulence genes specific for infecting humans

• S.Typhi has undergone genome degradation.

• S.Typhi has undergone genome degradation while also gaining new virulence factors

• All of the above

Which characteristics are considered hallmarks of cellular senescence?

• Permenant cell-cycle arrest

• Senescence associated secretory phenotype

• DNA damage responses

• all of the above

How does the typhoid toxin promote infection through senescence?

• Through antimicrobial resistance

• By increasing host cell susceptibility to Salmonella through DDRs and SASP

• By increasing Salmonella expression of type 3 secretion systems

• all of the above