Section #3 Test Review

The legal system of the United States traces its roots back to the ___________. The enforcement of those ancient laws was the responsibility of a criminal justice system that grew and evolved over a protracted period.

• common law of England

• Bill of Rights

• U.S. Constitution

• Tithing Systtem

Legally ______________________and a decentralized organizational structure are two of the most important features of modern American policing attributable to its English colonial past.

• limited police authority

• the Magna Carta

• the common law

• Tithing system

Historians and anthropologists regard the earliest system of law enforcement as  ______________. In this primitive system, members of a clan or tribe banded together to enforce the rules of the group on rogue members.

• kin policing

• the hundred

• the constable system

• community policing

The Code of Hammurabi was carved in large stones in the tenth century B.C. The codes of ancient Greece and Rome have had an influence on Western law, as has the Mosaic Code.

• True

• False

Among the earliest documented Western systems of law and law enforcement was the .

• mutual pledge 

  system

• community policing

• common law system

• Code of Hammurabi

The mutual pledge system consisted of groups of ten families bound to uphold the law, bring violators to court, and keep the peace. These groups of ten families were known as: 

• tithings

• groupings

• hundreds

• reeves

Each tithing was governed by a tithingman. All men over the age of twelve were required to raise the flag when a crime was detected and pursue the criminal with all of the men of the tithing.

• True

• False

A group of ten tithings was called the hundred, and the office of constable developed out of this organizational unit.

• True

• False

Hundreds were combined into administrative units known as Shires (or Counties), under the jurisdiction of the .

• shire-reeve

• sheriff

• constable

• bobbie

The shire-reeve, whose job it was to maintain the King’s peace in the Shire, was later shortened to the modern term sheriff.

16 The sheriff has the power to raise all able-bodied men in the county to pursue a criminal. This power was known by the Latin phrase ______.

• posse comitatus

• Magna Carta

• pro bono

• mens rea