AMSCO 4.7 and 4.8

"We hold ... that on their separation from the Crown of Great Britain, the

several colonies became free and independent States, each enjoying the sepa-

rate and independent right of self-government; and that no authority can be

exercised over them ... but by their consent ... It is equally true, that the

Constitution of the United States is a compact formed between the several

States . . . that the government created by it is a joint agency of the States,

appointed to execute the powers enumerated and granted by that instrument;

that all its acts not intentionally authorized are of themselves essentially null

and void, and that the States have the right . . . to pronounce, in the last resort,

authoritative judgment on the usurpations of the Federal Government . . . Such

we deem to be inherent rights of the States."

-John C. Calhoun, statement adopted by a convention

in South Carolina, 1832

Which of the following was the immediate cause of the publication of the

statement in this excerpt?

• The election of Andrew Jackson

• The decision to halt to slave importation

• The decision to halt to slave importation

• An increase in the tariff passed by Congress

"We hold ... that on their separation from the Crown of Great Britain, the

several colonies became free and independent States, each enjoying the sepa-

rate and independent right of self-government; and that no authority can be

exercised over them ... but by their consent ... It is equally true, that the

Constitution of the United States is a compact formed between the several

States . . . that the government created by it is a joint agency of the States,

appointed to execute the powers enumerated and granted by that instrument;

that all its acts not intentionally authorized are of themselves essentially null

and void, and that the States have the right . . . to pronounce, in the last resort,

authoritative judgment on the usurpations of the Federal Government . . . Such

we deem to be inherent rights of the States."

-John C. Calhoun, statement adopted by a convention

in South Carolina, 1832

While Calhoun and many other Southerners disagreed with President

Jackson's opposition to nullification, they agreed with him on

• his support for higher federal spending

• his opposition to the anti-slavery movement

• his support for a national bank

• his opposition to states' rights

"We hold ... that on their separation from the Crown of Great Britain, the

several colonies became free and independent States, each enjoying the sepa-

rate and independent right of self-government; and that no authority can be

exercised over them ... but by their consent ... It is equally true, that the

Constitution of the United States is a compact formed between the several

States . . . that the government created by it is a joint agency of the States,

appointed to execute the powers enumerated and granted by that instrument;

that all its acts not intentionally authorized are of themselves essentially null

and void, and that the States have the right . . . to pronounce, in the last resort,

authoritative judgment on the usurpations of the Federal Government . . . Such

we deem to be inherent rights of the States."

-John C. Calhoun, statement adopted by a convention

in South Carolina, 1832

Which of the following is or are most similar to the statement in the

excerpt?

• Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

• Monroe Doctrine

• Specie Circular

• Tallmadge Amendment

The nullification crisis of 1828/1832 arose over the issue of

• the Second Bank of the United States

• protective tariffs

• Jackson’s American Indian removal policy

• the Missouri Compromise

"It is to be regretted that the rich and powerful too often bend the acts of gov-

ernment to their selfish purposes. Distinctions in society will always exist

under every just government ... In the full enjoyment of the gifts of heaven

and the fruits of superior industry, economy, and virtue, every man is equally

entitled to protection by law.

"But when the laws undertake to add to these natural and just advantages

artificial distinctions . . . to make the rich richer . . . the humble members of

society-the farmers, mechanics, and laborers- ... have a right to complain

of the injustices of their government.

"There are no necessary evils in government . . . If it would confine itself

to equal protection . . . the rich and the poor, it would be an unqualified bless-

ing. In the act before me there seems to be a wide and unnecessary departure

from these just principles."

-President Andrew Jackson, Message vetoing the Bank, July 10, 1832

President Jackson's guiding principle to check "the injustices of

government" was...

• the two-party system

• universal suffrage

• limited government

• civil service system

"It is to be regretted that the rich and powerful too often bend the acts of gov-

ernment to their selfish purposes. Distinctions in society will always exist

under every just government ... In the full enjoyment of the gifts of heaven

and the fruits of superior industry, economy, and virtue, every man is equally

entitled to protection by law.

"But when the laws undertake to add to these natural and just advantages

artificial distinctions . . . to make the rich richer . . . the humble members of

society-the farmers, mechanics, and laborers- ... have a right to complain

of the injustices of their government.

"There are no necessary evils in government . . . If it would confine itself

to equal protection . . . the rich and the poor, it would be an unqualified bless-

ing. In the act before me there seems to be a wide and unnecessary departure

from these just principles."

-President Andrew Jackson, Message vetoing the Bank, July 10, 1832

Which of the following groups provided the greatest support for the

Jackson's veto of the Bank?

• Manufacturers

• Nativists

• Southerners

• Westerners

"It is to be regretted that the rich and powerful too often bend the acts of gov-

ernment to their selfish purposes. Distinctions in society will always exist

under every just government ... In the full enjoyment of the gifts of heaven

and the fruits of superior industry, economy, and virtue, every man is equally

entitled to protection by law.

"But when the laws undertake to add to these natural and just advantages

artificial distinctions . . . to make the rich richer . . . the humble members of

society-the farmers, mechanics, and laborers- ... have a right to complain

of the injustices of their government.

"There are no necessary evils in government . . . If it would confine itself

to equal protection . . . the rich and the poor, it would be an unqualified bless-

ing. In the act before me there seems to be a wide and unnecessary departure

from these just principles."

-President Andrew Jackson, Message vetoing the Bank, July 10, 1832

President Jackson's veto of the Bank bill would contribute most

significantly to

• lower interest rates

• a financial panic

• increased land sales

• Clay's political support

“We, therefore, the people of the State of South Carolina, in convention assembled, do declare and ordain... that the several acts and parts of acts of the Congress of the United States, purporting to be laws for the imposing of duties and imposts on the importation of foreign commodities...are unauthorized by the Constitution of the United States, and violate the true meaning and intent thereof and are null, void, and no law, nor binding upon this State....”

South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification, 1832

The ideas expressed in the excerpt emerged most directly from a larger intellectual debate over the

• balance between individual freedom and public order

• expansion of slavery into the western territories

• priorities of United States foreign policy

• relationship between the federal government and the states

What was the purpose behind the publication of the 1840 illustration?

• To create support for the Populist movement

• To portray William Henry Harrison as a common man

• To attack William Henry Harrison for being a poor, uneducated farmer

• To encourage settlement of Indiana by German and Irish immigrants

"The framers of our excellent Constitution ... wisely judged that the less gov-

ernment interferes with private pursuits the better for the general prosperity ...

"I cannot doubt that on this as on all similar occasions the federal govern-

ment will find its agency most conducive to the security and happiness of the

people when limited to the exercise of its conceded powers ...

"The difficulties and distresses of the times, though unquestionably great,

are limited in their extent, and cannot be regarded as affecting the permanent

prosperity of the nation. Arising in a great degree from the transactions of for-

eign and domestic commerce ... The great agricultural interest has in many

parts of the country suffered comparatively little ...

"The proceeds of our great staples will soon furnish the means of liq-

uidating debts at home and abroad, and contribute equally to the revival of

commercial activity and the restoration of commercial credit."

-Martin Van Buren, "Against Government Aid for

Business Losses," 1837

Which of the following individuals would be most critical of Van Buren's

economic policy as presented in this excerpt?

• Andrew Jackson

• Roger Taney

• Robert Hayne

• Henry Clay