Unit 2 AP Biology

Which statement is correct about diffusion?

• It's very rapid over long distances.
• It's a passive process which molecules move from a region of higher to lower concentration.
• It requires an energy expenditure by the cell.
• It's an active process where molecules move from a region of lower to higher concentration.

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

• central vacuole
• chloroplast
• wall made of cellulose
• mitochondrion

Which of the following is major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?

• evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes.
• the need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs.
• limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases
• the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process?

• pinocytosis
• osmosis
• phagocytosis
• exocytosis

A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water-equal to the volume of blood lost-is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion?

• The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypertonic compared to the cells.
• The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells.
• It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria.
• The patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells.

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

• glycogen
• cellulose
• proteins
• lipids

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?

• CO₂
• an amino acid
• starch
• glucose

When a plant cell, such as one from a tulip stem, is submerged in a very hypotonic solution, what is likely to occur?

• The cell membrane will lyse.
• The cell will burst.
• The cell will become turgid.
• Plasmolysis will shrink the interior.

Cells tend to be small, with sizes ranging between 1 and 100 mm. These small sizes help to ensure that cells have a favorable surface-area-to-volume ratio. Choose the statement that explains why a favorable surface-area-to-volume ratio is advantageous.

• Higher surface-area-to-volume ratios improve the efficiency of transporting materials in and out of cells.

• Lower surface-area-to-volume ratios improve the efficiency of transporting materials in and our of cells.

• Higher surface-area-to-volume ratios speed up the flow of cytoplasm within cells.

• Higher surface-area-to-volume ratios slow down the flow of cytoplasm within cells.

The Endosymbiotic Theory suggests that eukaryotic cells evolved when an ancient cell engulfed another, forming a permanent symbiotic relationship. Choose the evidence that best justifies this claim.

• Both mitochondria and chloroplasts perform energy functions

• Eukaryotic cells have many mitochondria

• Eukaryotic cells have traits in common with archaea

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular loops of unique DNA

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-2