IGPE Chp. 2 Respiratory system

Name the structures that air passes through during the process of inhalation

• Oral/nasal cavity/passage, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli

• Oral/nasal cavity/passage, esophagus, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

• Oral/nasal cavity/passage, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

• Oral/nasal cavity/passage, trachea, alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles

Describe three features of the alveoli that enable efficient gaseous exchange

• Capillary walls are one cell thick (so diffusion distance is short) and are surrounded by a vast network of capillaries (ensuring a good blood supply). Capillary walls are one cell thick (so diffusion distance is short).

• Capillary walls are one cell thin (so diffusion distance is long) and are surrounded by a less dense network of capillaries (ensuring a good blood supply). Capillary walls are one cell thin (so diffusion distance is long).

Why is an efficient respiratory system so important during exercise?

• increases the uptake of oxygen into the blood and the efficient removal of carbon dioxide.

• increases blood supply to working muscles that carries oxygenated blood.

• increase breathing rate and heart rate.

What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration?

• It contracts and flattens (moves downward).

• It relaxes and moves upward.

What happens to the intercostal muscles and the ribcage during expiration?

• It relaxes, causing the ribcage to move downward and inward.

• It expands, causing the ribcage to move upward and outward.

Explain the mechanical process of breathing in (inspiration)

• The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, the diaphragm expands and the ribcage moves downward and in. Chest volume decreases, air pressure in the lungs rises above that of the atmospheric air, air delays into the lungs.

• The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, the diaphragm flattens and the ribcage moves upward and out. Chest volume increases, air pressure in the lungs falls below that of the atmospheric air, air rushes into the lungs.

Define the term minute ventilation

• The volume (amount) of air breathed per minute (in litres)

• The volume (amount) of blood ejected per minute (in litres)

Define the term tidal volume

• The volume of air breathed per breath during normal breathing

• The volume of air left in the lungs after breathing out (exhalation)

Calculate minute ventilation (l/min) for an individual with a breathing rate of 15 breaths per minute and a tidal volume of 0.5 liters per breath.

• MV = 8.5 (L/min)

• MV = 6.5 (L/min)

• MV = 7.5 (L/min)

• MV = 9.5 (L/min)

Define the term vital capacity

• The maximum amount of air you can breathe out after breathing in as much as you can

• The volume of air left in the lungs after a full exhalation (breathing out)