AP Biology Ecology Review

Why does increasing producers increase the populations of all trophic levels?

• Producers increase the size of a habitat

• Producers help keep predator populations in check

• With more energy available the carrying capacity increases

• Producers do not have a large impact on population sizes

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What is phototropism?

• When a plant loses it's leaves in the fall

• It is what causes a plants stems to grow upwards

• When a plant grows towards light

• A plants response to touch

How do cooperative behaviors increase fitness?

• They ensure every organism in a colony survives

• They make sure that every member of a colony gets along

• They increase the fitness of the population, though may harm the individual

• They allow each organism to obtain the most resources possible

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What causes trophic cascades?

• Increasing the number of producers

• Pollution

• The removal of a keystone species

• Introducing a new species to an ecosystem

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What types of organisms are producers?

• autotrophs

• apex predators

• heterotrophs

• keystone species

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Where are autotrophs found in food chains/webs

• In the middle

• At every level

• At the first level

• At the top

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What are limiting factors?

• The maximum number of organisms an area can sustain

• Scarce resources that limit the size of a population

• Conditions that limit how much energy flows to the next trophic level

• How diverse the populations of a community are

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If the producer level of an ecosystem has 750,000 J of energy, how much energy would be passed on to the secondary consumers?

• 75,000 J

• 7,500 J

• 750 J

• 75 J

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What type of graph represents exponential population growth?

• A fluctuating graph

• W - shaped curve

• S-shaped curve

• J - shaped curve

What does carrying capacity mean?

• The amount of abiotic factors present in the environment

• The total number of species living in an ecosystem

• The number of offspring one mother can have in a year

• The number of organisms an ecosystem can sustain