Quiz Review 4.3: Cycles of Matter

The nitrogen cycle is an example of a(n) _______ cycle.

• biogeochemical

• decomposer

• energy

• water

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The nitrogen cycle processes include the conversion of atmospheric

      nitrogen into ammonia, which is called ___________.

• denitrification

• nitrogen fixation

• nitrogen limitation

• photosynthesis

Nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere

in the process of _________.

• nitrogen fixation

• nitrogen limitation

• photosynthesis

• denitrification

Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus are examples of __________ that organisms need to stay alive.

• compounds

• reservoirs

• sediments

• nutrients

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Nitrogen can be the

_________ in an ecosystem when its available forms are in short supply.

• biogeochemical cycle

• limiting nutrient

• nutrient reservoir

• unnecessary  

  element

The diagram represents the water cycle. Which arrow includes the process of transpiration?

• arrow 1

• arrow 2

• arrow 3

• arrow 4

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Photosynthesis is a biological process in which plants convert carbon dioxide gas to carbon compounds, such as glucose. The process of photosynthesis is represented in the diagram of the carbon cycle shown here. Which statements accurately relate photosynthesis to the other processes of the carbon cycle shown in the diagram? Select two correct statements.

• Photosynthesis is the only biological process that takes up carbon dioxide.

• Photosynthesis has the same effect on the carbon cycle as human activities.

• Photosynthesis has the same effect on the carbon cycle as geological activities.

• Photosynthesis is the only process that transfers carbon from the air to the biosphere.

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Which is one way that the movement of matter through an ecosystem is different from the transfer of energy?

• Only the movement of matter involves living things.

• Only the movement of matter flows in one direction only.

• Only the movement of matter occurs in an unending cycle.

• Only the movement of matter involves feeding relationships

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Gregory is studying Lake Mairead. The lake has clear water and supports a healthy community of algae, fishes, and other aquatic organisms. Gregory hypothesizes that phosphorus is a limiting nutrient in the lake. Which experimental result provides the strongest evidence in support of the hypothesis?

• Filtering and removing phosphorus from a sample of lake water causes an increase in the growth of algae in the sample.

• Adding phosphorus-rich fertilizer to a sample of lake water causes no observable effect.

• Adding phosphorus-rich fertilizer to a sample of lake water causes an increase in the growth of algae.

• Measurements show that phosphorus is more concentrated in bottom sediments than in the lake water.

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Consumers, or heterotrophs, take in food made by other organisms. Then they break apart the food to release its energy. How do these actions of consumers contribute to the carbon cycle?

• Eating and breaking apart food converts carbon to other elements.

• Eating and breaking apart food converts other elements into carbon.

• Eating food involves taking up carbon dioxide.

• Eating and breaking apart food releases carbon dioxide as a by product.

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