Dysphagia

Causes of oropharyngeal dysphagia

• Myasthenia gravis

• Cerebrovascular accident

• Zenker's diverticulum

• All of them

Dysphagia refers to

• Normal eating

• Hard swallowing

• Easy chewing

• Poor feeding

Bird-beak is an imaging sign of

• Achalasia

• Distal esophageal spasm

• Absent contractility

• Hypercontractile esophagus

It doesn't appear on primary esophageal motility disorders

• Gastroesophageal reflux

• Cardiac chest pain

• Dysphagia

• Pyrosis

It appears in achalasia

• Weight gain

• Non-progressive dysphagia

• Pyrosis

• Pre-prandial regurgitation

Gold standard to diagnose primary esophageal motility disorders

• Esophageal manometry

• Endoscopy

• X-ray

• Blood tests