EST Preparation 1: Nervous system and Biotech

What is an example of genetic engineering?

• inserting genes into bacteria

• inserting insulin into bacteria

• spraying plants with herbicides

• using biological washing powders

A gene for insulin is taken from a human cell and placed in a bacterium.

The bacterium can then make human insulin.

What is this process called

• adaptation

• genetic engineering

• natural selection

• selective breeding

Which enzyme would be used in a biological washing powder?

• DNA ligase

• lactase

• pectinase

• protease

Which process transmits an impulse across a synapse?

• active transport

• diffusion

• gravity

• osmosis

1. The components of a reflex arc are shown in the flow diagram.

receptor → sensory neurone → synapse → relay neurone→ synapse → motor neurone → effector

Which component is responsible for ensuring that the nerve impulses travel in one direction only?

• motor neurone

• receptor

• sensory neurone

• synapse

The diagrams show the stages in the production of human insulin.

Which stage uses the enzyme DNA ligase?

• A

• B

• C

• D

A patient is injected with adrenaline.

Which graph shows the expected changes to pulse rate and blood glucose concentration?

• A

• B

• C

• D

The diagram shows a synapse. What do the dots at X represent?

• neurotransmitter

• receptor molecule

• synaptic cleft

• vesicle

When the nervous system responds to a stimulus there are several stages to the response.

1 The central nervous system processes the information.

2 The receptors detect the stimulus.

3 A nerve impulse is sent to the central nervous system.

4 A response is produced.

5 A nerve impulse is sent to the muscles.

What is the correct order of the stages?

• 2, 3, 1, 5, 4

• 2, 3, 5, 1, 4

• 3, 2, 1, 5, 4

• 3, 2, 5, 1, 4

What shows the order in which these structures are involved in a reflex action?

• effector → motor neurone → relay neurone → sensory neurone → receptor

• effector → sensory neurone → motor neurone → relay neurone→ receptor

• receptor → sensory neurone → relay neurone → motor neurone → effector

• receptor → motor neurone → sensory neurone → relay neurone→ effector