EST Preparation 2

What is an example of genetic engineering?

• inserting genes into bacteria

• inserting insulin into bacteria

• spraying plants with herbicides

• using biological washing powders

A gene for insulin is taken from a human cell and placed in a bacterium.

The bacterium can then make human insulin.

What is this process called

• adaptation

• genetic engineering

• natural selection

• selective breeding

Which enzyme would be used in a biological washing powder?

• DNA ligase

• lactase

• pectinase

• protease

The diagrams show the stages in the production of human insulin.

Which stage uses the enzyme DNA ligase?

• A

• B

• C

• D

When making commercial apple juice, the fruit is crushed to separate cells and to release the cell

contents. Chemical Q is found between the cells. It holds the cells together but it makes the

extracted juice cloudy.

Which process is used to produce a clear juice?

• adding more water to dissolve chemical Q

• adding pectinase to digest chemical Q

• boiling the juice to destroy chemical Q

• crushing the apples to release chemical Q

The diagram shows a bacterial cell that will be used to produce human insulin. What is inserted into gap Q?

• a gene from a healthy human

• cells from a human pancreas

• DNA from another bacterium

• gene of human insulin

Why are bacteria useful in biotechnology and genetic engineering?

• Bacteria do not have cell vacuoles

• Bacteria do not have mitochondria.

• Bacteria have cell walls.

• Bacteria share their genetic code with all other organisms

What is the purpose of using plasmids in genetic engineering?

• To act as vectors for gene transfer

• To provide energy for the bacteria

• To protect bacteria from antibiotics

• To enhance bacterial reproduction

Which of the following is a potential benefit of genetically modified crops?

• Longer growth periods

• Higher water consumption

• Reduced nutritional value

• Increased resistance to pests

What is the role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

• To repair damaged DNA

• To cut DNA at specific sequences

• To replicate DNA

• To synthesize RNA