DNA Replication, Transcription & Translation

What principle is necessary to preserve the sequence of DNA during replication?

• Base pairing is complementary.

• One gene codes for one polypeptide.

• Substrates are specific to enzymes.

• The genetic code is universal.

Which process is used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

• Transcription

• Translation

• Replication

• Mutation

What is a codon?

• A sequence of nucleotides on rRNA that corresponds to an amino acid

• A sequence of nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to an amino acid

• A sequence of nucleotides on tRNA that corresponds to an amino acid

• A sequence of nucleotides on DNA that corresponds to an amino acid

What sequence of processes is carried out by the structure labelled X during translation?

• Combining with an amino acid and then binding to an anticodon

• Binding to an anticodon and then combining with an amino acid

• Binding to a codon and then combining with an amino acid

• Combining with an amino acid and then binding to a codon

What enzyme is used in transcription but not in translation?

• DNA polymerase

• Helicase

• Protease

• RNA polymerase

A certain gene in a bacterium codes for a polypeptide that is 120 amino acids long. How many nucleotides are needed in the mRNA to code for this polypeptide?

• 30

• 40

• 360

• 480

The table below shows the codons that determine different amino acids in protein translation.

What is the sequence of the amino acids that is being translated from the following mRNA sequence?

5´ AUGGGUGCUUAUUGGUAA 3´

• Met-Pro-Arg-Ile-Thr

• Met-Cys-Ser-Tyr-Trp

• Met-Gly-Ala-Tyr-Trp

• Met-Gly-Tyr-Ala-Thr

9. What does the universal nature of the genetic code allow?

• Change of genetic code in the same species

• Transfer of genes between species

• Formation of clones

• Infection by bacteria