AP psychology unit 4

The first time four-year-old Savannah attempted to make her bed, her father praised her for covering the pillow with a blanket. After a few times, her father began praising Savannah for covering the pillow and tucking in the corners of the sheet. Finally, Savannah’s father praised her when she covered the pillow, tucked in the corners of the sheet, and smoothed the blanket. The process described in this scenario is known as

• negative reinforcement

• spontaneous recovery

• shaping

• latent learning

Four-year-old Scott fell down the stairs at his grandmother’s house. Although he was not badly hurt, he was very frightened. Now, whenever his parents mention visiting his grandmother’s house, he feels anxious and fearful. In classical conditioning terms, what are the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in the scenario, respectively?

• grandmother's house; fear

• grandmother's house, falling

• fear; grandmother's house

• falling; anxiety

A child’s sex is genetically determined by the

• mother

• father

• paternal grammy

• maternal grandpa

A mental image of a spatial layout is called

• algorithm

• mental set

• heuristic

• cognitive map

A person displays a set of rare behaviors that psychologists had not known about previously, because nobody had ever shown them before. The best strategy to investigate the nature of those behaviors is

• an experiment

• survey

• case study

• cross-sectional research

An individual’s ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called

• auditory localization

• dichotic listening

• deep processing

• divided attention

• selective attention

In terms of the effect on the central nervous system, alcohol is most accurately classified as which of the following types of drug?

• depressant

• narcotic

• psycoactive

• stimulant

When people consume large amounts of alcohol, they are often unable to recall what they did and said while they were drinking. This occurs because alcohol interferes with the brain’s ability to form new memories in the

• reticular formation

• occipital lobe

• parietal lobe

• thalamus

• hippocampus

During the night, Alicia stops breathing repeatedly, frequently gasps for air, and snores loudly at regular intervals. Alicia is most likely suffering from which of the following conditions?

• sleep apnea

• narcolepsy

• insomnia

• night terrors

The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the

• suprachiasmatic nucleus

• cerebellum

• limbic system

• medulla