Unit 8 Test Review

The trails shown on the map came about as a result of what change in the West?

• the movement of Mexican settlers into the Midwest through Texas

• the growth of mining in the mountains of Texas

• the expansion of cattle ranching in Texas

Factors Leading to the Expansion of the Texas Frontier

• Large amount of available land

• Abundance of longhorn cattle

• Demand for beef in the northern states

• ?

What other factor contributed to the expansion of the Texas frontier?

• The availability of European immigrant labor

• The digging of canals along western waterways

• The signing of free trade agreements with Mexico

• The rapid expansion of railroads into the West

Use the chart below to answer the question.

• Established by Congress in 1866

• The first all-black army regiments created during peacetime

• Promoted westward expansion by protecting settlers and building infrastructure

Which group is described in the chart?

• Populist

• Grangers

• Buffalo Soldiers

• Southern Redeemers

Barbed Wire Use in Texas in the Late 19th Century

• Made it easier for land-owning ranchers to maintain control over livestock by fencing in ranches

• Allowed farmers to protect their crops from grazing cattle herds by fencing in farmland

• Prevented landless ranchers from having access to the grazing lands and water needed for cattle

What effect did barbed wire have on Texas during the late 19th century?

• It led to the end of the open range

• It forced many ranchers to return to farming

• It protected public lands from overgrazing

• It caused an increase in the price of agricultural goods

Texas in the Late 19th Century

• Large cattle ranches stretched from northern Mexico into Texas.

• Railroads began expanding into the West.

• Drives moved cattle from Texas to railroad hubs such as Abilene, Kansas.

What effect did these changes have on Texas?

• Women began to enter the workplace in large numbers.

• The population of the state began to increase dramatically.

• Cities began large local transportation systems.

• Additional slaves were brought to work the land.

Based on the information in the map, which trail would drovers from the

Wallace Ranch most likely use to take cattle to market?

• The Chisholm Trail

• The Goodnight-Loving Trail

• The Great Western Trail

• The Shawnee Trail

Why did the U.S. government support the slaughter of buffalo across the plains?

• The slaughter of the buffalo was seen as a convenient way to supply western settlers with food and shelter.

• The slaughter of the buffalo was seen as a way to bring the Native Americans of the Plains under control.

• The slaughter of the buffalo provided supplies to states in the East.

• The slaughter of the buffalo was seen as necessary to making land available for settlement.

Which conclusion is supported by the information on the map?

• All cattle trails that started in Texas led to towns in the East.

• After the Civil War, ranchers used the trails to bring cattle from other states to Texas.

• After the Civil War, several trails were added to support the growing cattle industry in Texas

• Before the Civil War, increased settlement encouraged Texas ranchers to find new markets for their cattle.

How did the developments illustrated on the graph impact Texas?

• Railroads were built to transport products to markets

• The agricultural sector of Texas’ economy went into decline.

• Texas created an income tax to support economic growth.

• New immigrants in Texas struggled to find good paying jobs

In which region of Texas was most of the cotton industry located?

• Panhandle

• West Texas

• Mountains and Basins

• Coastal Plain