Types of selection

individuals with alleles for an extreme type are more likely to survive and reproduce

• stabilizing selection

• directional selection

• disruptive selection

• genetic drift

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the selection pressure favors the extreme phenotypes, dividing the population into 2 distinct groups

• directional selection

• stabilizing selection

• geographic selection

• disruptive selection

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Individuals with intermediate traits are more likely to survive and reproduce

• stabilizing selection

• directional selection

• adaptive radiation

• disruptive selection

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Tall kelp have a distinct advantage over shorter kelp in receiving needed sunlight in their ocean environment

• directional selection

• disruptive selection

• stabilizing selection

• sexual selection

• artificial selection

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Aspen trees that are over 25 m tend to blow over in high winds; aspen that are under 15 m don't get enough sun

• directional selection

• stabilizing selection

• disruptive selection

• artificial selection

• sexual selection

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male elk use their antlers and size to compete with each other for the ability to mate with female elk

• directional selection

• stabilizing selection

• disruptive selection

• artificial selection

• sexual selection

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modern corn plants are the descendants of teosinte, a wild corn plant that has been selectively bred for over 1000 years.

• directional selection

• stabilizing selection

• disruptive selection

• artificial selection

• sexual selection

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Bacteria that are too large cannot obtain nutrients efficiently and bacteria that are too small cannot compete for those nutrients successfully

• directional selection

• stabilizing selection

• disruptive selection

• artificial selection

• sexual selection

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Female water frogs tend to be attracted to the males with the loudest and most distinctive mating call (an acoustical display).

• directional selection

• stabilizing selection

• disruptive selection

• artificial selection

• sexual selection

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Light-colored oysters would blend into the rocks in the shallows, and the darkest would blend better into the shadows. The ones in the intermediate range make them easier prey.

• directional selection

• stabilizing selection

• disruptive selection

• artificial selection

• sexual selection

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