Gene Expression and Cell Differentiation

Cell differentiation is critical during embryonic development. The process of cell differentiation results in the production of many different kinds of specialized cells. This process is most directly influenced by

• DNA

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• ATP

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As a fertilized egg divides, the cells differentiate because they

• have different sets of DNA passed on to the daughter cells

• have different sets of genes activated in the daughter cells

• have mutations that cause different genes to appear in the daughter cells

• randomly assort the chromosomes into different daughter cells

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What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?

• Making energy available for building specialized structures

• Serving as a template for build specialized proteins

• Bonding Amino Acids to form polypeptide chains

• Serving as a stored blueprint in the nucleus for building specialized proteins

What is the role of stem cells in cell differentiation?

• They serve as a precursor for generalized cells

• These cells can turn into specialized cells and back into generalized cells when needed

• They are generalized cells that can lead to specialized cells

• They are specialized cells that can lead to generalized cells

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Which are external factors that can regulate gene expression?

• Operons

• Homeobox Genes

• Transcription Factors

• Temperature

Which of these acts to block transcription and therefore gene expression?

• Promoter regions of DNA

• RNA Polymerase

• Repressor Proteins

• mRNA

When gene expression occurs

• A gene is mutated with either an insertion or deletion

• The gene is removed from the genotype in that cell

• The gene is passed on to the daughter cells during mitosis

• The gene is activated and used in protein synthesis

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Cell specialization is important to all of the following except:

• Multicellular organisms

• Eukaryotic organisms

• Red blood cells

• Bacteria

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Which reason explains why nerve cells function differently than muscle cells?

• In nerve cells all the genes are expressed.

• In muscle cells all the genes are expressed.

• In both kinds of cells the same genes are expressed.

• In both kinds of cells different genes are expressed.

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Epithelial cells are found in

• Plants

• Animals

• Fungi

• Bacteria