When considering noise pollution, why is the marginal external cost (MEC) increasing in output?

damage of pollution increases more than proportional

pollution increases more than proportional with output

Global Climate Change - Which of the following measures is an example of an adaptive strategy?

Using backstop energy technologies

Implementing a carbon tax to reduce emissions

Global Climate Change - In a “business as usual” scenario through 2040 …

Developing nations will have the greatest carbon emissions increases.

Both industrialised and developing nations’ emissions will decline.

Industrialised and developing countries’ carbon emissions will increase at about the same rate.

Industrialised countries will have the greatest carbon emissions increases.

Industrialised countries will continue to have higher total carbon emissions than developing nations.

Global Climate Change - A major difference between the Nordhaus and Stern analyses of climate change is …

The choice of the discount rate.

The probability of increases in hurricanes and other storms.

Assumptions about the change in agricultural productivity.

The choice of the value of a human life.

the estimate of the spread of tropical diseases.

Global Climate Change - Which one of the following statements regarding carbon taxes is false?

A revenue-neutral carbon tax implies an increase in income and other taxes.

Carbon taxes would not set the exact level of carbon emissions.

Carbon taxes would increase coal prices more than other fossil fuel prices

Carbon taxes would reduce negative environmental externalities.

What is the main advantage of a system of tradable permits relative to a carbon tax?

The level of total emissions is known with certainty.

It results in a lower level of price increases to consumers.

The price of permits is known with certainty.

It encourages technological innovation.

Which economic characteristic of climate change is not correct?

The private costs of greenhouse gas emissions generally exceed the societal costs of these emissions

Greenhouse gas emissions have intergenerational welfare consequences

Greenhouse gas emissions affect a public good which is the atmosphere

Climate change is a global externality in terms of both causes and effects

Climate Economics - Which statement about the discount rate in studies about the economic costs of climate change is not correct?

Using a higher discount rate results in a higher value of the social costs of carbon

Estimates of the social costs of carbon are sensitive to the assumed discount rate value

That future costs matter less if society is richer in the future is one of the motivations for discounting

Individual impatience is one of the motivations for discounting

ETS - Which of the following factors doesn’t contribute to the low and volatile prices for EUAs in the first two trading periods (phase I & II)?

Large innovation and adoption of clean technologies leads to lower demand for EUAs

The emission cap was set well in advance and was inflexible to demand changes in the market

Companies under the EU ETS have used a large amount of offsets

The economic crisis started in 2008

ETS - Which of the following measures doesn’t stabilise the EUA price?

Subsidising the demonstration of innovative clean technologies

Canceling surplus emission allowance in the reserve

Increasing the share of auctioning emission allowances

ETS - Which of the following statement about the ETS is correct?

To achieve the abatement goal of the Paris agreement, it is important to have a stable and high price for the emission allowances

The initial allocation of the emission allowances in the ETS will affect the performance of the ETS under competitive market with zero transaction costs

The ETS is cost effective if the abatement costs are similar

The total greenhouse gas emission is uncertain under the ETS

Common Pool Resource - The open-access equilibrium is usually ...

Neither economically efficient nor ecologically sustainable

Economically efficient and ecologically sustainable.

Economically inefficient but ecologically sustainable.

Economically efficient but ecologically unsustainable

Common Pool Resource - The efficient price of a license fee is determined by the difference between ...

Average revenue and marginal cost

Total revenue and marginal cost

Marginal revenue and marginal cost

Common Pool Resource - The inflection point on a logistic growth curve is the point where ...

Annual growth rates are maximised.

The stable equilibrium is reached.

The unstable equilibrium is reached.

The natural equilibrium is reached.

Common Pool Resource - What is the typical relationship between the economic optimum (E*), maximum sustained yield (EMSY), and the open-access equilibrium (EO)?

EO is higher than both E* and EMSY.

EO is higher than E* but lower than EMSY.

EO is lower than both E* and EMSY.

EO is lower than E* but higher than EMSY.

E* is higher than EMSY but lower than EO.

Common Pool Resource - Which one of the following policies would not encourage sustainable fishery management?

An increase in bycatch allowances

A system of individual transferable quotas

Certification of sustainable fishery products

Environmentally beneficial effects of liberalised trade can include all of the following except:

Reduced emissions from transportation

Reduced materials and energy use per unit of output

Spread of environmentally-friendly technology

Removal of distortionary subsidies

Development of more efficient power plants

The specificity rule states that...

Policy solutions should be targeted directly at the source of a problem

Per-capita environmental impacts eventually decrease as affluence levels increase

International trade organisations should be responsible for environmental protection

Free trade will tend to increase social welfare because of comparative advantage

Imports cannot be restricted because of specific production practices in the exporting country

The NAFTA Commission on Environmental Cooperation (CEC)...

Produces reports on environmental issues but has few enforcement powers

Places tariffs on corn imports to protect the environment

Has ordered a phase-out of environmentally damaging gasoline additives

Requires harmonisation of environmental regulations

Penalises corporations that harm the environment

Water economics - The main problem with desalination to increase water supplies is that ...

Supplies are usually contaminated with pesticides.

Communities tend to be located too far from water supplies

Water tends to evaporate before it can be used.

There are few available sources.

Which one of the following is an example of demand-side water management?

Expanded development of groundwater aquifers

Which one of the following policies would not reduce water use?

Reusing wastewater for industrial uses

Under a system of riparian water rights, rights to use water…

Are owned by those owning adjacent land.

Are separate from the ownership of land.

Are freely traded in water markets.

Are allocated according to its most highly-valued uses.

Are based on who moved to an area first.

Environmental economics

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following problems is most likely to prevent successful implementation of the EU's Greendeal?

Holdout effect

Free market environmentalism

Holding effect

Free-rider effect

Which of the following does not represent the same curve?

private marginal benefit curve

maximum willingness to pay curve

private marginal cost curve

demand curve

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following statements is correct about a shift of the demand curve for gasoline?

A decrease in the price of public transportation shift the demand curve to the right

A decrease in income shifts the demand curve to the left

An increase in the price for gasoline shifts the demand curve to the right

A decrease in the price of gasoline shift the demand curve to the right

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Consider a society with two individuals, who value forest preservation. Which of the following statements is true?

Their willingness to pay for forest preservation is likely to be higher than their marginal private benefit

Their willingness to pay for forest preservation is likely to be lower than their marginal private benefit

Their willingness to pay for forest preservation is likely to be the same as their marginal private benefit

The marginal benefits of each acre preserved increase with more preservation

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following pollution control policy instruments are marked based?

Pollution taxes and tradable pollution permits

Technology-based regulations and emission standards

Pollution taxes and emission standards

Emission standards and tradable pollution permits

For which of the following pollutants would a market mechanism be effective?

Uniformly mixed regional pollutants

Non-uniformly mixed local pollutants

Non-uniformly mixed regional pollutants

Uniformly mixed local pollutants

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following pollution levels is the optimal level of pollution according to economists?

Pollution according to the equimarginal principle

Unregulated market outcome

When the marginal damage of pollution is smaller than the marginal benefits

Zero pollution

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Environmental economics

Which of the following problems is most likely to prevent successful implementation of the EU's Greendeal?

Which of the following does not represent the same curve?

Which of the following statements is correct about a shift of the demand curve for gasoline?

Consider a society with two individuals, who value forest preservation. Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following pollution control policy instruments are marked based?

For which of the following pollutants would a market mechanism be effective?

Which of the following pollution levels is the optimal level of pollution according to economists?

When considering noise pollution, why is the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) increasing in output?

When considering noise pollution, why is the marginal external cost (MEC) increasing in output?

Global Climate Change - Which of the following measures is an example of an adaptive strategy?

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