LS4.1 BIO1 Review

According to the endosymbiotic theory, double-membrane mitochondria originated as a result of some larger eukaryotic cells with flexible membranes engulfing smaller prokaryotic cells. Which of these explains where the outer layer of the double membrane of the mitochondria originated?

• the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic host

• the nuclear membrane of the eukaryotic host

• the ribosomes of the engulfed prokaryotic cell

• the lysosomes of the engulfed prokaryotic cell

Louis Pasteur performed an experiment in the 1800s in which he boiled some broth in a swan-neck flask, leaving it exposed to the air for a year, and still no microorganisms grew in the broth.

What theory did Pasteur's experiment finally disprove?

• biogenesis

• evolution

• natural selection

• spontaneous generation

Examine the rock strat shown in the diagram.

Which fossil is the oldest?

• coral

• fern

• gastropod

• trilobite

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

The table lists key features of the fossil of a small dog-sized mammal that lived around 55 million years ago.

What can be inferred from this?

• The mammal is a primitive ancestor of the modern horse

• The mammal is a primitive ancestor of the modern wolf.

• Carnivores began to evolve about 55 million years ago.

• Most of the Earth’s surface was grasslands about 55 million years ago.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

The earliest fossils indicate that microbial mats used to depend on hydrothermal vents for energy and chemicals for food, but later fossils show that they developed photosynthesis.

What can be inferred from this information?

• The earliest life forms were multicellular.

• The early Earth had an atmosphere without oxygen.

• The early Earth was too hot for living organisms to survive.

• The earliest life forms used to contain chlorophyll in their cells.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Which sequence arranges the different types of organisms based on the order of their appearance on Earth, starting from the earliest?

• unicellular eukaryote → multicellular eukaryote → anaerobic prokaryote → photosynthetic prokaryote

• anaerobic prokaryote → photosynthetic prokaryote → unicellular eukaryote → multicellular eukaryote

• photosynthetic prokaryote → anaerobic prokaryote → unicellular eukaryote → multicellular eukaryote

• multicellular eukaryote → unicellular eukaryote → photosynthetic prokaryote → anaerobic prokaryote

A scientist found a fossil of a land animal in a rock that appears to be 370 million years old. The fossil had a fin and 8 digits similar to the 5 fingers of a human.

Which question will the fossil help the scientist investigate?

• Does the fossil show the transition of animals from sea to land?

• Do all fossils show evidence of the transition between 2 life forms?

• Why are fossils of organisms different in different layers of Earth?

• Was this fossil a more advanced life form that evolved after mammals?

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Examine the dichotomous key, which is designed to identify leaves from various genera of trees.

To which genus does leaf A belong?

• Acer

• Betula

• Magnolia

• Quercus

Examine the dichotomous key, which is designed to identify leaves from various genera of trees.

At what stage of the dichotomous key are leaves C and E differentiated from one another?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

The chart shows the embryological development of four organisms.

Which observation accurately explains the similarities between the organisms?

• The embryos of all multicellular organisms have distinct similarities early in development.

• Embryonic similarities in organisms may suggest they evolved from a common ancestor.

• Organisms that have similar characteristics as adults also have similar characteristics as embryos.

• Embryonic similarities are more common in organisms lacking homologous structures.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1