Topic 1.5 Origin of Cells

The Miller-Urey experiment of 1953 was designed to test the hypothesis that lightning supplied the energy needed to turn atmospheric gases into organic molecules such as amino acids. Which of the following describes why the Miller-Urey theory is widely accepted today?

• Amino acids spontaneously form from molecules in the atmosphere today.

• Organic molecules are present today in extremely high concentrations.

• The process of synthesizing organic molecules from a mixture of gases has been successfully modeled in the laboratory.

• No other alternative hypotheses have been introduced.

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The diagram below shows a proposed theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, called endosymbiosis.

Which of the following explains why cells that contained mitochondria-like organelles had an evolutionary advantage?

• They were able to photosynthesize

• They had more DNA

• They were able to make more use of available energy

• They were immune to bacterial invasion.

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Cells without a nucleus are said to be _____________________.

• Eukaryotic
• Prokaryotic

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What gas was necessary for complex (eukaryotic) life to evolve?

• Carbon dioxide
• Oxygen
• Dihydrogen monoxide
• Methane

Which type of cell came first?

• Eukaryotic
• Prokaryotic
• Plant
• Both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells evolved around the same time

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The idea that Earth's early oceans had organic molecules that became the first life is called the...

• Primordial soup hypothesis
• Bubble hypothesis
• Miller-Urey Experiment
• Radioactive dating theory

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"Endosymbiosis" means...

• Living together
• Living inside
• Entering together
• Joining together

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What process is shown within this diagram?

• Natural selection
• Endosymbiosis
• Chemical evolution
• Abiogenesis

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The theory of Endosymbiosis explains...

• The origin of eukaryotes
• How species develop
• How bacteria evolved
• Why cells rely on one another

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Endosymbiosis gave rise to

• golgi bodies
• chloroplasts and mitochondrea
• ribosomes and nuclei
• the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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